Fall of Adam & Eve

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Artist's Summary 1 Michelangelo's bold clarity was in use with the Fall of Adam and Eve and the Expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Note the compositions three pilasters, the fallen pair to the left, the pair expelled from Paradise to the right, and the anthropomorphized tree of knowledge with the striking female tempter in the center with her legs wrapping the tree of knowledge, join arms at the top to form the letter M in uncial script. The composition's rhythm flows from left to right. Eve grasps at the fruit boldly, Adam acquisitively, for they wanted perfection. God became secondary. To the left, the intimate expression driven by pride and disobedience seems of as great as the misfortune of shame and guilt in the expulsion, on the right. They know that through the fall, God, who was near, has become more inaccessible and remote. No longer worthy of the garden, humanity's truth will have to be learned in the desert of our destiny. Salient is the cherubim with the raised sword pointing the way out. Good and evil have divided. This fresco is full of mysteries, which have their parallels in the artistic and the structural. Everything connects in his designs, but the terms are visual and symbolic.

Summary Comments from The Anchor Bible StudyThe stage set, action and suspense, psychological insight and subtle irony, light and shadow is all achieved in two-dozen verses. The characterization is all the more effective for its indirectness. Everything is transposed into human terms. The serpent is endowed with mans faculties, and even God is pictured in subjective and anthropomorphic fashion. When Adam has been caught in his transparent attempt at evasion, Yahweh speaks to him as a father would to his child. For what J (Yahwist) has thus evoked is the childhood of mankind itself. The target is much more than just to tell a story. The J work is the record of a spiritual experience of a whole nation. The nation is made up of individuals, who have their ancestry all the way back in time. The experience is retraced and recorded, the result is also great literature. The many traditions provide the author with his raw material. The focal point is the tree of knowledge. The eating of its forbidden fruit imparts "knowing good and evil." The idiom here is the sense of possessing mental and physical powers. Motifs as sexual awareness, wisdom and nature's paradise are familiar from ancient sources. J made use of traditions in Primeval History that originated in Mesopotamia. As a whole the narrative is synthetic and stratified. The author's genius makes an unforgettable contribution.

The Collegeville Bible Commentary Summary Their nakedness is a symbol of their relationship to God. Only with the disruption of that relationship is their nakedness an embarrassment. The serpent is judged as being cunning. In Hebrew, cunning (arum) forms wordplay with naked (arummim). This wordplay stresses the fact that man and woman become aware of their nakedness because of the cunning of the serpent. The story of Genesis says nothing about the serpents motives in tempting the man and the woman. 4 Indeed, the source of evil itself is left a mystery. It does tell us is that the presence of evil in the world is due to humanitys decision to oppose Gods directive. The author portrays both man and woman as listening to the serpent. The fact that woman is presented first may simply be a literary device that keeps the story moving. The temptation scene has all the characteristics of a universal depiction of temptation. This is the way every human being is tempted. The serpent, with an opening question, insinuates that God has some ulterior motive for the command, that God is keeping something from humanity. The woman jumps to Gods defence, but the serpent has succeeded in attracting her attention and proceeds with three half-truths (1) you will not die; () your eyes will be opened; () you will be like God, knowing good and evil (vv. 4-5). Humanity violated the limit imposed by God and appropriated the knowledge. Now humanity exists in the position of deciding for itself. It defines itself in rebellion against the Creator. Humanity does become like God in a sense that now it makes its own decisions, but it makes decisions as creature, without the breadth and depth of wisdom or vision of the Creator. In spite of sin and its consequences, life goes on. Yahweh's care for humanity continues. He makes them garments "covering up" their guilt and shame. Yet, humanity is unable to seize the Deity's prerogative of immortality.

My Reflection The painter knew how to blend forms and colours into harmony. Man and woman have come to know evil and the first way it shows initially is in their own bodies. The inner harmony is broken and concupiscence raises its head. Original justice has now destroyed the harmony they found in themselves. The control of spiritual faculties and the man-woman union is now subject to tensions and apprehensions. Relations become marked by lust and dominion. Harmony with creation is broken. Spiritual death and eventual death makes an entrance into human history.

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My reaction to the fresco is one of deep sadness, and then great anger. I'm sad and hurt that man, who was graced with immortality, upright (very good) and blessed as a friend in relationship with God, has the audacity to doubt God's truthfulness and yields to his own very selfish sensual appetites. I'm angry just thinking of the consequences of being expelled from the garden. I'm also scared and humiliated that my very own nakedness is my place in history as it emerges from humanity's expulsion from the garden. It is scary and intimidating to see our own frailty and weakness that is revealed in our own, very human nature. However, it is especially reassuring to know we have a God, who cares lovingly about our every need, whom did this for a mysterious greater good. Aside, what is striking in the fresco is the female serpent. 5

I choose these commentaries specifically since they mostly reflected my own thinking. So that you'll know, I agree whole-heartedly with both commentaries and summarized them in a manner that adds a foundation to my reflections. I apologize for my wordiness, longwinded I seemed unable to get it all in three pages. I suspect, I "bit off" to big a piece.

I am also greatly inspired by Aquinas' love of truth. In his Summa II-II, 180, 4, we contemplate the ultimate perfection of the human intellect is the truth of God. Other truths fulfil the intellect in view of the truth of God. This is the goal of human life as a whole. For the moment there is only of an imperfect contemplation of the truth of God.

The destiny of every human being seems to be decided by what goes on inside his skull while he is challenged with what goes on outside his skull. Each of us, instrumentally, designs his own life. Destiny shows that by diverse means we come to the same ends, and by similar means we come to diverse ends. We carry stuff in our heads telling us what to do and not do, we carry aspirations in images of the way we would like it to be, and among them, we put our shows on the road. These shows can correspond to the "good life" or they can become thwarted and distorted into shows of lovelessness, mindlessness or joylessness. How is it that the humanity with all its accumulated wisdom, self-awareness, and desire for truth can permit situations of pathos and self-deception? Is it because we have not evolved enough or grown up enough yet? There are certain bodily, mental and social functioning, which happen to man in spite of himself, that sort of slip out as it were, because they were programmed to do so. Some people don't know what they are doing to themselves and others. I guess to know what one is doing is the opposite of being programmed or scripted.

For me the artwork and the commentaries chosen culminate in a deep psychological game, the beginning of the game is the temptation and the end of the game is the expulsion consequences. The game also can be seen in a universal sense operationally in psychological terms as a manipulation or exploitation. It was looking through these game-centred eyes that I learned the most about games themselves.

In the quest for immortality, the tree of life, although not seen in the fresco, may have its origins from ancient materials. 6 We all play games because they are a rich source of strokes. By a stroke, I mean any form of attention or recognition. I believe the whole word is stroke-deprived, at least, to some extent. Games can be played hard or soft. Most games also occur outside of our awareness. Games are a way of filling time and advancing the action. Most games are soft and relatively harmless. However, the serpent's temptation game here is a very hard game since it results in tissue damage (eventual death) and spiritual damage (spiritual death). For these reasons I postulate that games are patterns of misguided attempts, which are motivated to get positive strokes that backfire, producing negative strokes that turn out wrong or badly. The serpent's game is such a pattern of manipulation or exploitation. It is a series of crooked ulterior operations moving to a well-defined pay-off. Crooked in the sense that they are not straight, direct, undiluted, simple and pure expressions. They are ulterior, since the serpent's operations are covert, hidden or concealed. The serpent has a hidden agenda. He cons. He pretends to be doing one thing while he is really doing something else. He cons with his opening question, "You shall not eat any tree in the garden?" On a social level this question seems innocent enough, however on the deeper psychological level it really challenges God. Please keep in mind, a confidence trick can only work if there is a weakness it can hook into, like a "gimmick" to get hold of in the respondent. In this case, the respondents are Adam and Eve and on a deeper psychological level their weakness is that they want perfection. They want to "be perfect." They fear death, but they want to be like God, immortal, eyes opened and knowing. So, how does the serpent "hook" his "mark"? He insinuates that God has some ulterior motive for His prohibition, that God is keeping something from humanity, which, of course, is exactly their weakness or the gimmick to get a hold on them. "You will not die." And now after the "mark" is hooked, he continues with a switch to get his pay-off. The switch is, "For God knows that when you eat… You will be like God, knowing good and evil." The serpent's pay-off is partly ostensibly impossible, for he wants to frustrate God's plan, and in part possible, to entice man into perdition. Adam and Eve collect their pay-off in bad feelings of shame and guilt followed by God's original justice.

I believe our major task is to embark on the painful search of our own games. No one should allow himself to use any form of deception or dissimulation. My goal is to be authentically honest, unswitching, aware of my own ulterior motives and be always willing to reveal them. The big question is not "Do I play games?" but rather "What games do I play?" We need to carefully analyze our own games and our unconscious life plans, so that we have an objective appraisal about our very own cons and gimmicks. With this knowledge, we can "calibrate" ourselves, that is, make the adjustments and compensations for our own exploitive and manipulative inclinations. God has given us the capacity, so we can recover our awareness in the here and now, so we can be spontaneous liberating ourselves from compulsion, and all through Him as the principle cause, we can be intimate with God and our neighbours. I feel a stronger growing interest in philosophy, religion and social action has given some new meaning to my life. I feel it also helps to understand what we have done and what others have done concerning their "soul" and "spirit" to free themselves from the slavery of manipulations and exploitations.

Bibliography and Notes

1. http//www.christusrex.org/www1/sistine/6b-fall.jpg. Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel from 1508 to 151, commissioned by Pope Julius II. The sixth scene in the chronological order of the narrative, The Fall and Expulsion from Garden of Eden, is depicted in the large field of the vault of the second bay, between the triangular spandrels. Picture enclosed.

. Spieser, E. A., The Anchor Bible Genesis Introduction, translation and Notes, Albright, W.F., Freedman, D.N., editors, Doubleday & Co. Inc Garden City, New York, 164, pages 0-8. This commentary seems more thorough and advanced with more textual and critical information.

. Viviano, Pauline A., The Collegeville Bible Commentary Based on the New American Bible, Old Testament, Bergant, Dianne, ed., The Liturgical Press Collegeville, Minnesota. 1, pages 4-45. This single volume has handy, relatively shorter, yet informative commentaries on individual books.

4. http//www.newadvent.org/www.nccbuscc.org/nab/genesis/genesis.htm. There is copy Genesis Chapter enclosed here.

5. Spieser, E. A., The Anchor Bible Genesis Introduction, translation and Notes, Albright, W.F., Freedman, D.N., editors, Doubleday & Co. Inc Garden City, New York, 164, page 6. Perhaps the artist's iconography was that found jointly in a single passage of the Gilgamesh Epic (Tablet I, column iv, lines 16ff., ANET, page 75), where Enkidu was effectively tempted by the temptress who marks his status by improvising some clothing for him (column ii, lines 7f, ANET, page77).

6. ibid., page 7. The tale of Adapa (ANET, pp. 101ff.) in the Epic of Gilgamesh makes use of a magic plant and a serpent in man's failed quest for immortality.

Creator God… help me to hear your word as I behold creation, the work of your hands. As I study created reality, help me to know that all this comes from you, and that the greater my understanding of creation, the greater the knowledge I will have of you, a Divine Creator. Thomas Aquinas

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Gods and Generals

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Gods and generals

By jimmy

The American Civil War was a military conflict between the United States of America (the Union), and 11 secessionist Southern states, organized as the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). It was the culmination of four decades of intense sectional conflict and it reflected deep-seated economic, social, and political differences between the North and the South. Many books have been written on this "first modern war" describing how over 60,000 men were killed. Jeff Shaara goes deeper and explores the personal conflicts of four historical figures, two from the South and two from North General Lee, General Jackson, Colonel Chamberlain, and Hancock. Robert E. Lee's story began with a dilemma; he had to decide whether to stay to fight with the army he has been serving for 0 years or to resign and go to Virginia to defend his home. Life in the army had ruined his life, "He had missed a father's great joy of watching his children grow and learn... [and] try not to think about what his career had done to his family." (Pg. 11) Throughout Part 1, Lee feels something missing from inside him the feeling of action, of war. While in Texas, General Winfield Scott asks Lee to serve as second in command of the Union Army, but due to the possibility that Virginia could also secede, he declines. Still yearning for action, he accepts the command of the Provisional Army, the defense forces for the state of Virginia. He goes on to recruit Major Thomas Jackson, Jackson replies by saying, "If they do not run, then they die." (Pg. 15) "I will do whatever I must to defeat my enemies." (Pg. 15) This describes Major Jackson's general attitude towards war and towards God. Jackson is extremely pious and does all he can to please God and to follow His path. Newspaper coverage of his battles quickly publicized him and the title Hero was given to Jackson. Throughout the war, Jackson shows dedication, going beyond his orders and chasing away his enemies. He also shows an immense concern for his troops, he "had seen the bare feet, the bloody impressions, and he felt a deep pain, a sadness." (Pg. 8) His men were shabby compared to the forces of Hancock and Chamberlain. Winfield Scott Hancock, named after General Winfield Scott, has the talent of making himself "indispensable in any assignment he is given..." (Pg. 5) Due to this talent, he is the best suited to take the role of Quartermaster. After various locations, he is transferred to California, where his story begins. Like Lee, he feels he belongs on the battlefield, and not in an office. Hancock visits General McClellan and is told, "We need leaders, Mr. Hancock. I believe that includes you." (Pg. 160) And so, his duty is now assigned. One of the many patriots, Joshua Chamberlain enlisted in the Union Army to defend his country. It is ironic because "he had never enjoyed shooting anything..." (Pg. 6) and yet he is willing to kill in pride for his country. A teacher Bowdoin, he receives high recommendations to the army, and Governor Washburn offers him a command position. He accepted this, and felt as if he were betraying his family. His wife, Frances, sternly states, "You can't mean this, Lawrence. You're not a soldier." (Pg. 17) He happens to lead the Twentieth Command, the same assembly of volunteers his brother is in. Chamberlain does not see action till the end, but learns much from Colonel Ames. As the war moves on, Stonewall Jackson wins his reputation by a series of stinging victories over ineptly led Union forces. Lee, finally given command of the Confederate forces, recognizes that this devout and dangerous man is his greatest weapon. For a time, it truly seems as if God is on their side and that Lee will lead his army to final victory against overwhelming odds. Lee had given a prayer, "Thank you for this place, for this ground," (Pg. 88) thanking God for the advantage. At the Battle of Frecensoredsburg where, for the first time, all four men meet on the same field and experience the exhilaration and raw horror of battle from four very different points of view. But it is in the next great fight, the Battle of Chancellorsville, that Lees brilliant strategy and Jacksons supreme achievement are futile when Jackson is mortally wounded by his own men. This loss is the turning point of the war. Lee sees that against the ever-growing number of Union forces, he can only win by a direct threat to Washington. So the battle-hardened armies of the Confederacy begin their fateful invasion of the North, toward an obscure crossroads in Pennsylvania called Gettysburg. This novel brings to life an important segment of United States history. The Civil War shaped history and still affects many today. One can still find the son or daughter of a Civil War veteran, and be amazed with their stories. Bitterness and sores still exist deep in the South, where the war has still not ended in their minds. Gods and Generals help to understand the truth behind the war. There were no bad guys, only everyday people fighting for their home. President Lincoln was able to say that "it's a good war, a war for what is right." (Pg. 100)

Bibliography

Cheap University Papers on Gods and Generals

just the book itself...

Word Count 887

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Biology

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Abstract. Yeast is distributed to bakeries, breweries and local stores in large quantities. Two cultures were evaluated in an attempt to figure out which one was contaminated with antibiotics. Both cultures were tested with the use of a hemocytometer. Which culture was Infected with the antibiotics did not make a difference because antibiotics attack bacteria, and yeast is not bacteria.

Introduction

The usage of a clean hemocytometer was mandatory in order to obtain accurate and legitimate readings and counts of the cells. The hemocytometer's chamber was filled with the yeast from Culture A and then the process was repeated with the yeast from Culture B. The culture had to be drawn from the beaker with extreme caution, for if the yeast cells that were extracted were homogenous or else the results of the experiment would be inaccurate. Capillary action draws the contents from the pipette into the hemocytometer's chamber and so the liquid is not spill out and onto the slide. The fact that no liquid spilled onto the slide was important because if such happened the cell count of the hemocytometer would be tainted.

Culture A

Figure 1

The numbers in this diagram show the cell count that was obtained from Culture A. The numbers that are shown on the outside of the main central four quadrants are the numbers that pertain to the cell count of culture A. It is noticeable that the numbers seen here are higher than the numbers for the cell count of culture B. An assumption can be made that culture A was no the culture infected with antibiotics because the cell count for this culture is higher. If this culture was the one that had been infected there should have been a yield of cells and the number in the cell count should have dropped. In order to prove this hypothesis the total number of cells for culture B must be accumulated and a conclusion must be reached.

Culture B

Figure

The numbers seen in this figure are the total number of cells that were counted with the use of the hemocytometer and the microscope. Here the difference between the cell count of culture A and culture B becomes more obvious. It can be concluded that the cell count for Culture A was much higher than that of Culture B. Now it has become easy to identify that Culture B was in fact the culture that was contaminated with the antibiotics. This culture shows that the number of cells have yielded, and therefore, the total number is much more lower.

Conclusion

The initial hypothesis was that the contamination of an unspecified culture with antibiotics would not affect the cell count of the yeast. After extensive experimentation this initial hypothesis was proven to be wrong. Antibiotics do indeed cause a reaction in Culture B.

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Lack of Adequate and Affordable forLow-Income Families in Wichita, Kansas

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The demand for good-quality and affordable child care has increased in the wake of welfare reform, as many low-income families have entered the workforce and confronted difficulties arranging, paying for and sustaining the continuity of child care. Infant-toddler child care is scarce in most communities across the state, particularly in low-income communities. It is also expensive. Even with the increased availability of child care subsidies, many low-income families face difficulties paying for care. And, although the quality of child care can be a critical influence on the well being of infants and toddlers, finding good-quality infant-toddler child care can be especially challenging for low-income families.

Low-income families face many barriers in finding and maintaining adequate child care, which affects their employment. The problems facing welfare families as they arrange child care-low wages, nonstandard hours or changing hours, and inflexible schedules-also confront working poor families who do not receive welfare.

"Three features of child care appear to influence the employment of low-income parents (1) the availability of child care, because young children cannot be left unsupervised; () the cost of child care, which makes employment less attractive because the earnings are effectively reduced by the cost of care; and () the quality of the available care." (Kisker and Ross 10)

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Limited choices due to cost or location constraints lead to low-income families settling on poorer quality child care arrangements. Consistent with their limited range of child care options, poor single mothers are less satisfied with the child care they use than other mothers.

Parents and professionals have advanced various definitions of quality, but most stress that high-caliber programs ensure that children are safe, healthy and appropriately stimulated. Good programs provide responsive care by consistent, well-qualified caregivers, allowing the children to form secure attachments to nurturing adults. They offer engaging, appropriate activities for young children in settings that aid healthy growth. Quality child care also takes into account the strengths and needs of the families and communities. Poor parents may define a threshold for the quality of their children's child care arrangements in terms of a basic level of safety and trustworthiness, and discontinue their work-related activities if they cannot find and maintain arrangements that they believe exceeds their threshold. According to the article "Welfare to Work Analysis and Recommendations", research on the quality of child care in the United States indicates that parents' fears are not unfounded some 1% of the centers and 5% of private homes caring for children were judged by researchers to be inadequate and even harmful to children. (Larner, Terman, Behrman 11-1) The fears of mothers with infants are especially intense, since their babies cannot complain if they are mistreated during the day.

Quality of care may influence employment in several ways parents may be reluctant to leave their child in a low-quality, unsafe environment or with adults who do not provide a stimulating environment for their child. This may be a particular problem for lower-income families, who have more limited choices of providers. In contrast, a safe, warm, stimulating environment may encourage employment and longer hours of work. Parents may also become more effective employees if they do not have concerns about the environment in which their children spend a good part of each working day. Having well cared-for children may also lead to employees with higher productivity than those whose children are left in less satisfactory environments. Parents would be more likely to be on time to work and less likely to miss time from work.

"In the words of John DeShano, President, Levi Strauss & Co (Canada) Inc., 'Today's workers are raising tomorrow's work force. But the responsibility for equipping young people with the skills and knowledge they need to build productive, independent lives should not be born by parents alone. All of us businesses, government, educators and the community must share the commitment. For in today's' intensively competitive market place where knowledge and creativity are the engines of economic growth we all have a direct stake in the education and development of our children." (Pruissen)

"The desired outcome of the child care policy of the state of Kansas is that families be able to fulfill their roles as primary child care givers and education of young children by having access to high-quality, affordable child care." (Kansas Social and Rehabilitation Services) The following principles shall guide the development and implementation of state policy to achieve that outcome. A stable source of child care is a critical ingredient to families' economic self-sufficiency. Child care policies must smooth the progress into the workforce for parents and a rich and stable environment for children. Child care is a critical investment that affects a child's readiness to learn. Policies and programs must be responsive to the changing needs of families and educate them about available options, identifying quality programs and selecting appropriate care. High quality care must be available to any family seeking care regardless of where the family lives of the special needs of the child and must be available on a sliding scale basis, with families contributing based on ability to pay.

There is an insufficient supply of available child care slots in low-income neighborhoods, which contributes to long waiting lists. There is a short supply of child care providers who satisfy the need for part time hours only or nontraditional hours that are typically between the hours of 6 p.m. and 6 a.m., care for sick children or care for children with special needs. Many low-income parents lack paid family and medical leave that they can use for a sick child. Sick child care is critical for supporting employment. KidKare, which was a program sponsored by Via Christi Regional Medical Center St. Francis that provides day care to sick children who are too ill to attend regular day care or go to school, has closed their doors as of October 1, 00. "Via Christi has determined that it is no longer economically feasible to continue offering this service", said Roz Hutchinson. Many low-income families rely on relatives to provide child care due to limited choices due to cost and location constraints.

Cost is also a major concern when choosing quality child care. Without access to subsidies, they cannot afford to pay for regulated care, which places a substantial financial burden on working families. Many good-quality child care centers do not accept a state child care subsidy, which limits the choices to low income parents. Child care expenses are often the second or third largest item in a low-income family's household budget. According to The State of America's Children "At annual costs ranging from $,000 to $8,000 a year per child for a four-year old in urban child care centers and comparable costs for children elsewhere, child care is financially burdensome for most families." According to Kansas Kids Count Book of 00, "0 percent of the children between the ages of -4 are living below the poverty line in Sedgwick County" and "child care availability rate for children under the age of 1 is 5. percent." Lack of sufficient information about availability and value of specific child care arrangements presents a problem for low-income families. Language barriers prevent some families from accessing consumer information. Information regarding child care options and subsidies to pay for them can be difficult for parents to obtain due to many families are not aware that the Child Care Association of Wichita Sedgwick County exists and is there to assist families in finding child care. Kansas faces constraints in providing adequate consumer education, including large caseloads, long waiting lists, and reliance on printed materials. According to the Social and Rehabilitation Services (SRS), "average number of children assisted on a monthly basis was 15,1" through the child care Subsidy Program.

Much research has been done on the quality of child care and the outcomes. However additional work is needed because there is little doubt that the quality of child care needs improving. State legislators, agencies, and organizations need to consider the following to move forward in improving the quality. Providing support for new family child care providers and child care center by offering start up grants or loans to child care providers to increase the supply of regulated child care. Recruit and train new child care providers and guide them through the licensing process. Setting up a revolving loan fund to provide low-cost, short-term loans to help cover the cost of minor renovations in child care facilities and small-group day care homes or for the development of new child care facilities. Set up a system of tiered reimbursement to promote increases in certain types of care such as during nonstandard hours or for part time hours. Under these systems, set higher rate ceilings for specific types of care that is more expensive to provide and that are often in short supply such as evening care. For example, the city could provide an incentive of 10 percent more for evening care and 15 percent for care provided overnight, on weekends and during holidays. These are solutions to the issue of insufficient supply.

To address the issue of the cost, state legislators and the community need to get involved. State legislators need to investigate the income guidelines that are used to qualify low-income families for The Child Care Subsidy Program that provides subsidized child care to a diverse set of families. Currently a family must be "185% below the federal poverty level" to qualify for assistance. For a family of four this equates to an annual income of $,65, which averages approximately $,71 before taxes. Social and Rehabilitation Services does not take into account the amount of your living expenses in addition to the cost of child care.

The lack of good-quality child care continues to be a critical issue for this community. Training is one of the most common strategies for enhancing the quality. Provide ongoing training on quality and safety issues to licensed child care providers. Provide training workshops to neighbor and relative caregivers on such topics as child development, working with families and parents, and health and safety issues. Provide neighbor and relative caregivers with support networks to improve the quality of care they provide.

The improvement of the quality of child care can be accomplished with these policy changes. Strengthening standards and regulations for child care and programs by setting standards for quality caregiving, monitor the extent to which quality caregiving exists, and provide incentives and consequences for meeting these standards. Require initial and ongoing training for staff working in child care programs. Recruit and retain more highly educated and skilled staff with higher wages, benefits, and improved working conditions. Inform parents about the importance of quality child care and its effects on children. Identify ways to support the cost of higher quality child care which will require more money. State legislators, advocacy groups, providers and consumers need to work together to develop a package of incentives and supports that make high quality attractive to providers and consumers alike and create the conditions so that quality is affordable.

When people say they have a problem finding reliable child care, they may mean they have a problem finding quality care at a price they are willing or able to pay. Poor mother are often unable to pay for child care in order to look for work. Many young mothers who are not employed have difficulty obtaining child care which is the major reason they are unable to enter the workforce. Paying for child care is not a realistic long-term option for most poor families, and this has restricted child care that is available to them.This implies a "catch-" situation with out child care, they can not look for work and without work they can not pay for child care. Changes to the nation's welfare system enacted under the 16 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, have ushered more mothers into the workforce in recent years. As increasing numbers of women have moved by necessity of choice into the workforce, the need for affordable high-quality child care has become critical. Unfortunately, this need goes unmet and each week countless numbers of children spend time in inadequate, or even dangerous, child care settings. Works Cited

Children's Defense Fund. The State of America's Children. Beacon Press. 1

Hutchinson, Roz. Personal Interview. Nov. 00

Kansas Action for Children and The University of Kansas School of Social Welfare. Kansas Kids

Count. 001 http//www.socwel.ukans.edu/~kidcount/

Kansas Department of Health and Environment. Kansas Laws and Regulations for Licensing Day

Care Homes and Group Day Care Homes for Children. 65-58

Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services. Social and Rehabilitaiton Services 00

Finger-tip Facts A legislator's guide to SRS

Kisker, Ellen E. and Christine M. Ross. "Arranging Child Care". The Future of Children 7

10. Spring 17.

Larner, Mary, Donna Terman, and Richard Behrmna. "Welfare to Work Analysis and

Recommendations". The Future of Children 7. 11-1. Spring 17.

Pruissen, Catherine. "Quality Child Care Matters". Child Care Online.

http//www.childcare.net/parents/importantmessages/qualitychildcarematters.html

Larner, Mary, Donna Terman, and Richard Behrmna. "Welfare to Work Analysis and

Recommendations". The Future of Children 7. 11-1. Spring 17.

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Extinct Animals

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Extinct Animals

(1) dodo n., an extinct flightless bird, once a native of the island of

Mauritius. Discovered 158, extinct by 1681.

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In the year 158 AD, Portuguese sailors landing on the shores of the island of Mauritius discovered a previously unknown species of bird, the

Dodo. Having been isolated by its island location from contact with humanity, the dodo greeted the new visitors with a child-like innocence.

The sailors mistook the gentle spirit of the dodo, and its lack of fear of the new predators, as stupidity. They dubbed the bird dodo (meaning

something similar to a simpleton in the Portuguese tongue). Many dodo were killed by the human visitors, and those that survived man had to

face the introduced animals. Dogs and pigs soon became feral when introduced to the Mauritian eco-system. By the year 1681, the last dodo

had died, and the world was left worse with its passing.

he dodo bird, historically, has been viewed as a rather plump bird, weighing approximately 0- kilograms. Grey in colour, the dodo is

quite distinct from the solitaire (a relative of the dodo which lived on the island of Reunion.) The dodo had a large, hooked beak, and a plume

of white feathers adorned the rear of the dodo. What distinguishes the dodo from many other birds is not just its size, but that it was flightless.

Despite its large build, the dodo had small, weak wings which could not lift it into the air. Thus it was easy prey to the Portuguese invaders

who would club the bird to death as it approached them seeking friendship.

() Saber Toothed Cats

LONG- AGO CAT

Two million years ago, the Earth began to get very

cold. The Ice Age had begun. Then, starting about

5,000 years ago, lots of huge mammals came into

being- - creatures such as giant sloths, mammoths, and

mastodons. One of their fiercest predators was the

saber- toothed cat. Many species (kinds) of cats with

long, saber- like teeth lived during the Ice Age. (A

saber is a heavy sword with a slightly curved blade.)

These animals could be found everywhere except

Australia and Antarctica. Scientists used to call these

cats saber- toothed tigers. But the cats were only

distant cousins of modern tigers. In fact, theyre not like

any big cat living today.

BUILT LIKE A TRUCK

Saber- toothed cats werent as tall or as long as an

African lion. But they weighed just as much! Because of

their hefty size, these cats couldnt run fast over a long

distance. But no problem- - their weight was great for

overpowering big, slow prey such as giant sloths and

even baby mastodons and mammoths! The cats back

legs were built for springing. So scientists think the cats

hid and waited for prey to come by- - and then pounced.

BELLY BUSTERS

Lions and many other cats attack prey by biting the back

of the preys neck. But the saber- toothed cats probably

grabbed their prey with their powerful forelegs and

paws. Then they pushed or pulled it over and chomped

down on its throat or belly (see drawing at right).

DAGGERS AND CHOMPERS

Some scientists think the cats 6-inch (15-cm) sabers

were as dull as butter knives at their tips. But the

scientists also think the cats used them to puncture their

preys thick hides. How? First, a cats jaws opened

super wide. Then strong muscles in the animals head,

neck, and shoulders rammed the sabers down into the

prey. Scientists arent sure if the cats killed by stabbing

over and over again, or by stabbing and then tearing

chunks of flesh from their prey. The cats small front

teeth might have punched a row of holes in the flesh.

That would have made the flesh easier to tear- - like

pulling sheets of paper from a spiral- bound notebook.

LIVED LIKE A LION

Fossils show that saber- toothed cats often survived

even after they had been badly wounded. How did they

get enough to eat when they were too hurt to hunt? Like

lions, the cats probably lived in groups- - and ate

leftovers from prey that the other cats had killed.

BYE- BYE, BIG CAT

At the end of the Ice Age- - about 10,000 years ago- -

the climate slowly got warmer. Different kinds of plants

began to grow, turning forests to plains. Some scientists

think the big cats prey could not live as well there and

finally died out. Other scientists think people killed off

the cats prey. Either way, the cats were soon gone too.

These magnificent animals have been extinct for a long

time. But scientists are still finding out lots of lively

things about them!

() Quagga

Subspecies of the plain zebra with a withers of 1.0 m, for meat and leather by South African farmers root out, also they were seen by the settlers as

competitors for the grazing of the lifestock, mainly sheep and goats. The last free quagga was killed in South Africa in 1878 and the last zoo-quagga died at

Amsterdam Zoo on 1 August 188.

Formerly they thought that the quagga was a separate species (Equus quagga), but after examination of DNA in the 180s, which revealed that the quagga is a

subspecies (Equus burchelli quagga) of the plain zebra (Equus burchelli). A selective breeding programme whitt plain zebras was started in 187. This aims to

retrieve the quagga genes, and to eventualy produce individuals that will be comparable to the extinct quagga.

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Shockz

If you order your cheap custom essaysfrom our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Shockz. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Shockz paper right on time.

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The definition of terrorism is as follows -

ter•ror•ism n.- The unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments, often for ideological or political reasons.

Now decide for yourself if this constitutes terrorism, the full story can be found under sources at the bottom of my article.

The Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty group, or SHAC, is a group of animal rights activists advocating that the Huntingdon Life Services, a medical/science research lab, be shut down because they experiment with rats and monkeys. Since they will not be able to shut down such a lab, they have gone on a vendetta to do the next best thing. Bankrupt it. Not a terrorist cell yet, but listen to some of their tactics. The have visited, and protested, the homes of Huntingdon employees, harassed the neighbours of employees, dumped red paint on buildings, and slashed tires of employees cars. This is the part that irked me, and ended any hope of SHAC gaining my support, like they would get it anyway. According to MSNBC, SHAC members broke into and vandalized the home of one employee and left this note

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"You can install all of the motion sensor lights in the world and it won't make a difference. We've been in your house ... We've 'bumped' into you at Costco. You've given us the time while in line at Bank of America. ... We've been watching you and your family."

Okay, let's review the definition of terrorism and then continue.

"Unlawful or threatened use of force" - well they tried to bankrupt a science/medical lab

"or violence" - they stalked an employee and threatened her and her family

"by a person or organized group" SHAC sounds organized to me

"against people or property"- they harassed employees.

"With the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments"- they want to bankrupt a medical/science lab

"often for ideological or political reasons." - ideological reasons. They don't want people to experiment with animals.

6 out of 6, SHAC are a terrorist group in my book.

This is not whether you believe in more animal rights or not, this is at what point protest becomes terrorism. If I was the woman who was stalked by the SHAC members I would be terrorized. If I were in my home and SHAC protesters marched around with signs in my front yard, I would be terrorized. If animal rights activist can get away with this, then any special interest group can get away with it. Considering the number of special interest groups in the U.S., we would live in a constant state of terror if we let this type of "protest" to be allowed, and that is unacceptable.

Please note that this sample paper on Shockz is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Shockz, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research paperson Shockz will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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