Extinct Animals

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Extinct Animals

(1) dodo n., an extinct flightless bird, once a native of the island of

Mauritius. Discovered 158, extinct by 1681.

Help with essay on Extinct Animals

In the year 158 AD, Portuguese sailors landing on the shores of the island of Mauritius discovered a previously unknown species of bird, the

Dodo. Having been isolated by its island location from contact with humanity, the dodo greeted the new visitors with a child-like innocence.

The sailors mistook the gentle spirit of the dodo, and its lack of fear of the new predators, as stupidity. They dubbed the bird dodo (meaning

something similar to a simpleton in the Portuguese tongue). Many dodo were killed by the human visitors, and those that survived man had to

face the introduced animals. Dogs and pigs soon became feral when introduced to the Mauritian eco-system. By the year 1681, the last dodo

had died, and the world was left worse with its passing.

he dodo bird, historically, has been viewed as a rather plump bird, weighing approximately 0- kilograms. Grey in colour, the dodo is

quite distinct from the solitaire (a relative of the dodo which lived on the island of Reunion.) The dodo had a large, hooked beak, and a plume

of white feathers adorned the rear of the dodo. What distinguishes the dodo from many other birds is not just its size, but that it was flightless.

Despite its large build, the dodo had small, weak wings which could not lift it into the air. Thus it was easy prey to the Portuguese invaders

who would club the bird to death as it approached them seeking friendship.

() Saber Toothed Cats

LONG- AGO CAT

Two million years ago, the Earth began to get very

cold. The Ice Age had begun. Then, starting about

5,000 years ago, lots of huge mammals came into

being- - creatures such as giant sloths, mammoths, and

mastodons. One of their fiercest predators was the

saber- toothed cat. Many species (kinds) of cats with

long, saber- like teeth lived during the Ice Age. (A

saber is a heavy sword with a slightly curved blade.)

These animals could be found everywhere except

Australia and Antarctica. Scientists used to call these

cats saber- toothed tigers. But the cats were only

distant cousins of modern tigers. In fact, theyre not like

any big cat living today.

BUILT LIKE A TRUCK

Saber- toothed cats werent as tall or as long as an

African lion. But they weighed just as much! Because of

their hefty size, these cats couldnt run fast over a long

distance. But no problem- - their weight was great for

overpowering big, slow prey such as giant sloths and

even baby mastodons and mammoths! The cats back

legs were built for springing. So scientists think the cats

hid and waited for prey to come by- - and then pounced.

BELLY BUSTERS

Lions and many other cats attack prey by biting the back

of the preys neck. But the saber- toothed cats probably

grabbed their prey with their powerful forelegs and

paws. Then they pushed or pulled it over and chomped

down on its throat or belly (see drawing at right).

DAGGERS AND CHOMPERS

Some scientists think the cats 6-inch (15-cm) sabers

were as dull as butter knives at their tips. But the

scientists also think the cats used them to puncture their

preys thick hides. How? First, a cats jaws opened

super wide. Then strong muscles in the animals head,

neck, and shoulders rammed the sabers down into the

prey. Scientists arent sure if the cats killed by stabbing

over and over again, or by stabbing and then tearing

chunks of flesh from their prey. The cats small front

teeth might have punched a row of holes in the flesh.

That would have made the flesh easier to tear- - like

pulling sheets of paper from a spiral- bound notebook.

LIVED LIKE A LION

Fossils show that saber- toothed cats often survived

even after they had been badly wounded. How did they

get enough to eat when they were too hurt to hunt? Like

lions, the cats probably lived in groups- - and ate

leftovers from prey that the other cats had killed.

BYE- BYE, BIG CAT

At the end of the Ice Age- - about 10,000 years ago- -

the climate slowly got warmer. Different kinds of plants

began to grow, turning forests to plains. Some scientists

think the big cats prey could not live as well there and

finally died out. Other scientists think people killed off

the cats prey. Either way, the cats were soon gone too.

These magnificent animals have been extinct for a long

time. But scientists are still finding out lots of lively

things about them!

() Quagga

Subspecies of the plain zebra with a withers of 1.0 m, for meat and leather by South African farmers root out, also they were seen by the settlers as

competitors for the grazing of the lifestock, mainly sheep and goats. The last free quagga was killed in South Africa in 1878 and the last zoo-quagga died at

Amsterdam Zoo on 1 August 188.

Formerly they thought that the quagga was a separate species (Equus quagga), but after examination of DNA in the 180s, which revealed that the quagga is a

subspecies (Equus burchelli quagga) of the plain zebra (Equus burchelli). A selective breeding programme whitt plain zebras was started in 187. This aims to

retrieve the quagga genes, and to eventualy produce individuals that will be comparable to the extinct quagga.

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