Extinct Animals

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Extinct Animals

(1) dodo n., an extinct flightless bird, once a native of the island of

Mauritius. Discovered 158, extinct by 1681.

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In the year 158 AD, Portuguese sailors landing on the shores of the island of Mauritius discovered a previously unknown species of bird, the

Dodo. Having been isolated by its island location from contact with humanity, the dodo greeted the new visitors with a child-like innocence.

The sailors mistook the gentle spirit of the dodo, and its lack of fear of the new predators, as stupidity. They dubbed the bird dodo (meaning

something similar to a simpleton in the Portuguese tongue). Many dodo were killed by the human visitors, and those that survived man had to

face the introduced animals. Dogs and pigs soon became feral when introduced to the Mauritian eco-system. By the year 1681, the last dodo

had died, and the world was left worse with its passing.

he dodo bird, historically, has been viewed as a rather plump bird, weighing approximately 0- kilograms. Grey in colour, the dodo is

quite distinct from the solitaire (a relative of the dodo which lived on the island of Reunion.) The dodo had a large, hooked beak, and a plume

of white feathers adorned the rear of the dodo. What distinguishes the dodo from many other birds is not just its size, but that it was flightless.

Despite its large build, the dodo had small, weak wings which could not lift it into the air. Thus it was easy prey to the Portuguese invaders

who would club the bird to death as it approached them seeking friendship.

() Saber Toothed Cats

LONG- AGO CAT

Two million years ago, the Earth began to get very

cold. The Ice Age had begun. Then, starting about

5,000 years ago, lots of huge mammals came into

being- - creatures such as giant sloths, mammoths, and

mastodons. One of their fiercest predators was the

saber- toothed cat. Many species (kinds) of cats with

long, saber- like teeth lived during the Ice Age. (A

saber is a heavy sword with a slightly curved blade.)

These animals could be found everywhere except

Australia and Antarctica. Scientists used to call these

cats saber- toothed tigers. But the cats were only

distant cousins of modern tigers. In fact, theyre not like

any big cat living today.

BUILT LIKE A TRUCK

Saber- toothed cats werent as tall or as long as an

African lion. But they weighed just as much! Because of

their hefty size, these cats couldnt run fast over a long

distance. But no problem- - their weight was great for

overpowering big, slow prey such as giant sloths and

even baby mastodons and mammoths! The cats back

legs were built for springing. So scientists think the cats

hid and waited for prey to come by- - and then pounced.

BELLY BUSTERS

Lions and many other cats attack prey by biting the back

of the preys neck. But the saber- toothed cats probably

grabbed their prey with their powerful forelegs and

paws. Then they pushed or pulled it over and chomped

down on its throat or belly (see drawing at right).

DAGGERS AND CHOMPERS

Some scientists think the cats 6-inch (15-cm) sabers

were as dull as butter knives at their tips. But the

scientists also think the cats used them to puncture their

preys thick hides. How? First, a cats jaws opened

super wide. Then strong muscles in the animals head,

neck, and shoulders rammed the sabers down into the

prey. Scientists arent sure if the cats killed by stabbing

over and over again, or by stabbing and then tearing

chunks of flesh from their prey. The cats small front

teeth might have punched a row of holes in the flesh.

That would have made the flesh easier to tear- - like

pulling sheets of paper from a spiral- bound notebook.

LIVED LIKE A LION

Fossils show that saber- toothed cats often survived

even after they had been badly wounded. How did they

get enough to eat when they were too hurt to hunt? Like

lions, the cats probably lived in groups- - and ate

leftovers from prey that the other cats had killed.

BYE- BYE, BIG CAT

At the end of the Ice Age- - about 10,000 years ago- -

the climate slowly got warmer. Different kinds of plants

began to grow, turning forests to plains. Some scientists

think the big cats prey could not live as well there and

finally died out. Other scientists think people killed off

the cats prey. Either way, the cats were soon gone too.

These magnificent animals have been extinct for a long

time. But scientists are still finding out lots of lively

things about them!

() Quagga

Subspecies of the plain zebra with a withers of 1.0 m, for meat and leather by South African farmers root out, also they were seen by the settlers as

competitors for the grazing of the lifestock, mainly sheep and goats. The last free quagga was killed in South Africa in 1878 and the last zoo-quagga died at

Amsterdam Zoo on 1 August 188.

Formerly they thought that the quagga was a separate species (Equus quagga), but after examination of DNA in the 180s, which revealed that the quagga is a

subspecies (Equus burchelli quagga) of the plain zebra (Equus burchelli). A selective breeding programme whitt plain zebras was started in 187. This aims to

retrieve the quagga genes, and to eventualy produce individuals that will be comparable to the extinct quagga.

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Shockz

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The definition of terrorism is as follows -

ter•ror•ism n.- The unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments, often for ideological or political reasons.

Now decide for yourself if this constitutes terrorism, the full story can be found under sources at the bottom of my article.

The Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty group, or SHAC, is a group of animal rights activists advocating that the Huntingdon Life Services, a medical/science research lab, be shut down because they experiment with rats and monkeys. Since they will not be able to shut down such a lab, they have gone on a vendetta to do the next best thing. Bankrupt it. Not a terrorist cell yet, but listen to some of their tactics. The have visited, and protested, the homes of Huntingdon employees, harassed the neighbours of employees, dumped red paint on buildings, and slashed tires of employees cars. This is the part that irked me, and ended any hope of SHAC gaining my support, like they would get it anyway. According to MSNBC, SHAC members broke into and vandalized the home of one employee and left this note

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"You can install all of the motion sensor lights in the world and it won't make a difference. We've been in your house ... We've 'bumped' into you at Costco. You've given us the time while in line at Bank of America. ... We've been watching you and your family."

Okay, let's review the definition of terrorism and then continue.

"Unlawful or threatened use of force" - well they tried to bankrupt a science/medical lab

"or violence" - they stalked an employee and threatened her and her family

"by a person or organized group" SHAC sounds organized to me

"against people or property"- they harassed employees.

"With the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments"- they want to bankrupt a medical/science lab

"often for ideological or political reasons." - ideological reasons. They don't want people to experiment with animals.

6 out of 6, SHAC are a terrorist group in my book.

This is not whether you believe in more animal rights or not, this is at what point protest becomes terrorism. If I was the woman who was stalked by the SHAC members I would be terrorized. If I were in my home and SHAC protesters marched around with signs in my front yard, I would be terrorized. If animal rights activist can get away with this, then any special interest group can get away with it. Considering the number of special interest groups in the U.S., we would live in a constant state of terror if we let this type of "protest" to be allowed, and that is unacceptable.

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Albert einstein

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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein was a famous scientist, writer and professor. He was born in Ulm, Germany, on March 4,187. As a child, Einstein wasnt like the other boys he hated school but loved math. He was shy, and talked very slowly. He didnt participate in sports but instead played with mechanical toys, put together jigsaw puzzles, built towers and studied nature. At school and home he would ask many questions and because of that everybody thought he was dumb. Once when he was sick in bed, his father Herman, bought him a compass; and Albert asked Why does the needle point to the north? His father didnt know the answer. Herman was calm, friendly and had a black mustache. Einstein also had a brother, Jakob. Studied electrical machinery firm financed by the Kocks. Pauline, Einsteins mother was a cultured women and an excellent pianist. Pauline encouraged Einstein to study the violin along with his scientific ambitions. There was a strong physical resemblance between Einstein and his younger sister Maja, and the two had a close relationship throughout their lives. Maja, also a pianist, married Paul Winteler Einstein childhood friend, Paul Winteler, in 110 and later moved to the United States. When Einstein was older, he invented electric eye. He also was asked to be the president of Israel, but he refused. When Einstein was a teen-ager he was very interested in science. When he wanted to relax he would play the violin which he started playing at the age of six. The kocks, his mothers family, and the Einstein had lived in Southern Germany for more than a century, selling cloth, farming, and clerking in banks. During their free hours they enjoyed boating on the Danube and walking in the woods. Both families were Jewish . In 1880, when Albert was one year old, his fathers business failed and the family moved to Munich, the capital of Bavaria A heavily catholic city, it featured art galleries, breweries and a university. Einsteins father Herman. managed an electrical machinery firm which was financed partly by the Kock family. Einsteins mother Pauline, was a cultured woman and excellent pianist. She was 11 years younger than her husband. Pauline not only motivated her son to encouraged his scientific ambitions. When Einstein was fifteen, his fathers business failed again, and the family relocated in Italy, Milan. Einstein stayed behind to complete his education, but soon was asked to live school. He eventually joined his family in Italy. His parents continued to support his scientific interests, however enabling him to study at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School, or Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, in Zurich. At the institute, Einstein met a petite, dark-haired Mileva Maric, who excelled in mathematics. Albert and Mileva were married on January 6, 10. Although the couple had two sons, Mileva was dissatisfied with her life. She wanted either a career in her husbands work. After many years of disagreement, the couple divorced in 11, and Mileva became a university teacher of mathematics. Einstein kept in touch with her and his sons, and in the early 0s, he gave Mileva his entire forty-five thousand dollars Nobel Prize. Hans Albert, Einsteins older son, developed a good relationship with his father. He became a good engineer, and when Einstein moved to United States in 1, Hans Albert visited him often, ultimately setting here with his own family. Einstein younger son Eduard, began reading Shakespeare at the age of five. He got his father permission to concentrated on music and literature but did not achieve success. Eduard later accused his father of ruining his life a nervous breakdown. Although Einstein rushed to Switzerland when Eduard became ill, neither he nor the psychiatrists were able to help. Eduard lived with his mother until her death, when he was placed in a mental institution. Einstein also proved that matter and energy are really different forms of the same thing, which is the Special Theory of Relativity. Einsteins General Theory of Relativity showed that gravity, too, is relative. Gravity is the force that attracts two bodies of matter toward one another. This theory explained that a person gaining speed would feel a force exactly like the pull of gravity. In a spaceship without windows, that person would not be able to tell if the ship had started too move faster, or if it were being pulled by gravity from planet of star. In 1. Einstein had doubts about whether an atomic bomb could really be made. ON August 6, 145, the United states dropped an atomic bomb on Japan. Since this Einstein had believed the conflict could be settled without restorting to such a terrible weapon. Oh weh! he gasped. It was cry of sorrow that went beyond words. On August , the United states drop a second bomb on Japan, ending war. A new historical atomic age, had been born, and no one knew better than Einstein the threat it posed to human survival. For the rest of his life, he worked to make sure the bomb would never be used again. He served in committees to inform the public about atomic energy and the growing danger of weapons development. In 105 Einstein proposed his Special Theory of Relativity. According to this theory, people view time and space differently, depending on their positions relative, or in relation, to one another. For example, To a person standing at the exact midpoint between two lamps, those lamps might appear to flash at the same time. But a person passing by very quickly in a train would see one lamp flash before the other. This happens because the light from one lamp would reach that person before the light from other lamp. Time, then would be different for the two people. Einstein had many opportunities to speak out about causes in which he believed. One of those causes was Zionism, the movement to create the Jewish nation of Israel. Another was world peace. Many times he urged the nations of the world to get rid of their weapons. Einstein is remembered as a great scientist who worked hard to make the world a better place for all people. Word Count 100

Doroteo Aranga learned to hate aristocratic Dons, who worked he and many other Mexicans like slaves, Doroteo Aranga also known as Pancho villa hated aristocratic because he made them work like animals all day long with little to eat. Even more so, he hated ignorance within the Mexican people that allowed such injustices. At the young age of fifteen, Aranga came home to find his mother trying to prevent the rape of his sister. Aranga shot the man and fled to the Sierra Madre for the next fifteen years, marking him as a fugitive for the first time. It was then that he changed his name from Doroteo Aranga to Francisco Pancho Villa, a man he greatly admired. Upon the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution of 110-111 against the Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz, Villa offered his services to the rebel leader Francisco I. Madero. During Madero's administration, he served under the Mexican general Victoriano Huerta, who sentenced him to death for insubordination. With his victories attracting attention in the United States, Villa escaped to the United States. President Woodrow Wilson's military advisor, General Scott, argued that the U.S. should support Pancho Villa, because he would become the George Washington of Mexico. In August of 114, General Pershing met Villa for the first time in El Paso, Texas and was impressed with his cooperative composure; Pancho Villa then came to the conclusion that the U.S. would acknowledge him as Mexico's leader. Following the assassination of Madero and the assumption of power by Huerta in 11, he returned to join the opposition under the revolutionary Venustiano Carranza. Using hit and run tactics, he gained control of northern Mexico, including Mexico City. As a result, his powerful fighting force became La Division Del Norte. The two men soon became enemies, however, and when Carranza seized power in 114, Villa led the rebellion against him. By April of 115, Villa had set out to destroy Carranzista forces in the Battle of Celaya. The battle was said to be fought with sheer hatred in mind rather than military strategy, resulting in amass loss of the Division del Norte. In October of 115, after much worry about foreign investments, in the midst of struggles for power, the U.S. recognized Carranza as President of Mexico. When Pancho Villa learned of this he felt betrayed by President Wilson and assumed Carranza had signed a dangerous pact with the U.S., putting Mexico in United States' hands. As a result, this set the stage for a confrontation between the U.S. and Pancho Villa. Hence, the United States put an embargo on Villa, not allowing him to purchase guns, ammunition, equipment, etc., in American border towns. His transactions were, thus, made illegal, which automatically doubles his price. Considering his shortages, troops through harsh terrain to Aagua Prieta. Villa assumed it would be poorly protected and by capturing it, he would create a buffer zone with the U.S. to transport arms in his campaigning efforts. Too his surprise, Agua Prieta was heavily protected, because Wilson had allowed Carranza to transport 5000 Mexican troops to American soil, which had arrived before Villa. The trains of soldiers forced Villa's tired horseback troops into retreat. The U.S. was delighted when Carranza declared Villa done for good. Consequently, Carranza invited old U.S. investors (from before the Revolution) to invest again. On March th 116, Villa crossed the border with about 600 men and attacked Columbus, NM killing 17 American citizens and destroying part of the town. Because of the growing discrimination towards Latinos, the bodies of Mexicans were gathered and burned as a sanitary precaution against Mexican diseases. A punitive expedition, costing the U.S. about twenty-five million dollars, dispatched and about 150,000 troops to be mobilized in efforts to capture Pancho Villa, who was now known as a bandit in U.S. territory and a hero to many in Mexico. The Tenth Cavalry, which was made up of African-Americans and headed by Anglo-American officers, were labeled the Buffalo Soldiers because they were tough men who would punish the Mexicans. This was first time the United States used heavily armored vehicles and airplanes, which in turn served as a practice run before W.W.II. General John Joseph Blackjack Pershing had already earned a respectable name in the U.S. with his service in the Apache campaign, Therefore, he was assigned to head the Punitive Expedition, an attractive assignment. His mission objective, as he understood it, was to bring Villa in dead or alive. On March 16th, the New York Times reported, When Word Was Given, All Were After Villa. The expedition included new machinery, which the American people were not familiar with yet. Tanks weighing up to four tons, along with the production of trucks and planes, were the reason for the deaths of many American soldiers who did not know how to operate them. None-the-less, Pershing ordered many pilots to board and land as he wished. Villa's troops did not have uniforms, so wherever American troops traveled, they paralleled the route. Hence, their survival was based on their familiarity with the land. Towards the end of March, Pershing established his headquarters 15 miles south of Chihuahua. Pershing realized how strong Pancho Villa's countrymen supported him and his raids, when he was met with dramatic hostility and resentment. In actuality it is ostensibly logical to believe that the hostility was due to fear of foreign powers on their territory. Most of the blood spills were amongst townspeople and Carranzista troops, because Pershing's troops never caught sight of Villa. On the second day of April of 116, Pershing received word of what was supposed to be Villa's hiding place. Major Hank Tomkins, commander of the thirteenth cavalry was ordered to Parral, which is about 410 miles south of the U.S. border. This was the deepest penetration of U.S. troops into Mexico to look for Villa. The townspeople responded by saying that the Americans were invading them and Mexican families. When two tired American soldiers decided to bathe in a public fountain of the humble and conservative, town, the children began to throw stones at them. As the chaos grew into an uproar, the Mexican people began to retaliate and shots fired. Carranzista troops trying to stay away to avail battle, were not too far off and joined the retaliation. The American troops retreated sixteen miles way in a small village. With the death of a few Americans, Pershing was outraged and decided to counterstroke. In support, the American people demanded a full-scale invasion of Mexico. Within two months, more than 150,000 troops were on active duty from Texas to California; this was the largest military duty since World War I. After many weeks, Mexico began to pressure Carranza more decisively against the Punitive Expedition. Carranza, claiming Pancho Villa was no longer a dangerous threat, formally demanded the retreat of American troops. Wilson refused, which lead to a full-scale war between Mexico and the United States. On the morning of June 18th, 116, the commander of the tenth cavalry arrived in a small town named Carrizal, saying they would have to pass through the town to reach their ordered destination. Carranza refused, proclaiming his uncertainty of the peoples reactions to such an event. The commander of the American troops refused to go around and began to march on through, firing at those who refuted. To the surprise of many Americans, the captain was killed along with about eighty men of the tenth cavalry, claiming fourteen Americans killed and twenty-four taken prisoners. As a result, Wilson prepared a letter to Congress demanding a full-scale war and an ultimatum was sent to Carranza, demanding the release of all American prisoners, which Mexico had already threatened to kill. Within days, all prisoners were released and all international bridges were seized. Although Carranza was finished, Pancho Villa was not ready to throw in the towel. Thus, he prepared for a series of attacks to come. General Pershing reported to Wilson of Villa's repeated violence, but Villa continued, capturing many towns held by Carranzista forces. On January 117, Pancho Villa gathered his forces to capture Toreon. In the end, hundreds of his men were dead and his defeat was seized upon by Wilson as a convenient way out of the problems in Mexico. The U.S. would then prepare to withdraw, declaring the Punitive Expedition a success, although they failed to ever capture Villa. After the overthrow of Carranza in 10, Villa formed a truce with the new government by laying down his arms in exchange for land and amnesty. He then retired to a ranch near Parral, Chihuahua, where he was assassinated by political enemies in 1.

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Animal testing in labortories and school dissection

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In order for a basis for the subject you are about to read I feel that it is

necessary for you to be presented with a few facts in order to help you

understand the circumstances surrounding what animals live through every day and

every year. Each year it is estimated that over 10 billion animals are used for

Buy cheap animal testing in labortories and school dissection term paper

food every year in the United States alone. In a lifetime, the average American

meat-eater consumes ,600 animals, including ,450 chicken, 118 turkeys, pigs

and sheep, and 1 cattle and calves. Each year, an estimated 7 million animals

in the U.S. are used in research, testing, and education. Over million animals

are killed in dissection classes. There are presently nearly 500 alternatives

available to dissection for science education. I am not a vegetarian but I do

feel that using animals for scientific testing is wrong. There are many

alternatives then slaughtering thousands of animals every year.

A reasonable estimate is that about six million vertebrate animals are

dissected yearly in U.S. high schools alone. You would think that most of the

animals used in dissection are captive-reared, but the truth is that the

majority are taken from their natural homes in the environment. There are many

alternatives to dissecting animals, for we now have the knowledge that offer

other solutions. For example there are many internet sites that offer a

dissection course step-by-step but without ever have to touch an animal. In a

report written by the Animal Liberation Front (A.L.F.), apparently the majority

of animals that scientists use for testing will not produce relevant results in

correspondence with how certain drugs will react with humans. So you must ask

yourself why thousands of animals have to go through painful unnecessary

experiments to get results that prove nothing.

Thousands of animals are used in scientific and medical research. They often

undergo cruel methods of testing and suffer greatly as a result. Animal

experimentation is both cruel and unnecessary and humans have no right to put

innocent animals through such torture. Again, scientists often do not benefit

from testing on animals, as they are so different from us and react differently

to drugs. Results obtained from experimenting on animals are unreliable.

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Microprocessor

If you order your cheap term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Microprocessor. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Microprocessor paper right on time.

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MICROPROCESSOR

As far as computers and micro processing go I can say I have yet to learn everything, but I would like to learn more. The thought of how computers perform and operate interests me so much. That is why I chose Microprocessor as my topic. I remember when I was younger about 11 years old I didn't even know how to use the Internet, but know I can design websites based on (HTML), edit music/ pictures. I always learn something new about computers and the use for them.

Computers have been dated back to as early as 500-00 BC, starting with Abacus and his device for decimals. Going on to the first calculator built capable of doing simple mathematics. To the first Microprocessor designed. The Microprocessor, is an integrated circuit made of thin silicon in which transistors are etched onto it. Dating back to the first Microprocessor designed originally by Japanese engineer Busicom and redesigned by Intel Ted Hoff. It was a breakthrough in the computer industry; the microprocessor designed by Ted Hoff was a renovation in its own. It was the first Microprocessor ever to be used in a general computer. If you were to ask for this kind of capability early in the 160's you would have to have an entire room full of computers to compare to what the first Intel general purpose Microprocessors could perform, and that kind of power was only offered to varies Universities, Government Research labs, & Large Corporations.

Basically what the Microprocessor did in the 170's was make simple mathematical choices, and perform certain tasks. The First Microprocessor to be used by general computers was the Intel 4004; this Microprocessor consisted of only ,00 transistors in a 4-bit architecture, which supported 45 instructions and ran at about 740 MHz. This was a breakthrough for Intel designers and a new starting point for computers everywhere. Memory was an important role in the making of Microprocessors with out it you wouldn't be able to store information into chips or carry out tasks without going through it first. The Microprocessor is made up of Millions of transistors etched onto only a few millimeters of the chip. The chip can be no bigger than a thumbnail, so you would have to look through a microscope in order to see how much work is put into the microprocessor. The cost of buying a Microprocessor would run you up of about $00, though that was back in the 170's. I'm sure glad prices have dropped down since then.

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How does a Microprocessor work? You might ask. Well, the microprocessor does three basic operations, using its ALU (Arithmetic/Logic/Unit). A microprocessor performs simple mathematical tasks and can move memory from location to another, or make decisions. How fast the processor performs these tasks depends on how many MHz it provides. Or you could measure its speed by MIPS (Million of Instructions per second) to see how fast the CPU is. The Pentium is a revolution in its own, having processing power of up to 450 MHz to the Pentium 4, which is one of the fastest Processors in the market. The Pentium was first designed in 1, to the Pentium , which was built in 17. The Pentium , 1 to the Pentium 4, which is Intel's lastes version of processing, power.

Computer chips can be found just about in everything we know and use. The cars that we drive have computer chips in them to make them run properly, you can find chips TV's, PDA's, anything that process's information and stores data, is a form of computer chip usage. DSP is another type of processing technology; the DSP in comparison to the Microprocessor has a higher form of processing power in my opinion. The DSP is designed to support high-performance, repetitive, numerically intensive tasks. The DSP has been known for its irregular instruction settings, which allows the user to encode several operations in a single task. The DSP 161 was the first- generation processor that contained a single DSP 1600 Core and 10 KB of internal RAM. Ram is an important role in computer processing, Ram meaning data that can be accessed and written from other devices. DSP processors are increasingly being used more often you can find DSP processors in many GPS systems, MCU that include the DSP processor to process its tasks. You can think of Microprocessors as an ant farm, Millions of ants (representing Transistors) working together to perform tasks or carry out basic operations.

The Microprocessor is the heart of any computer, making it perform at the speeds they do. As computers become more and more advanced and technology keeps growing at fast rates, there's no telling how much we can improve on technology. Maybe in about 10 years we will have processors that will make the Pentium 4 seem rather slow, I think so that way. Hardware will become smaller and we will be seeing more and more of laptops and sorts like that. Now we have PDA's, which are basically performed like a general computer just in a smaller version. We will never now the end to redesigning technology. It's a never-ending cycle. Computers may well be as fast as 6 GHz in ten years or more. One thing is for sure, without technology we wouldn't be able to do have the stuff we can do today. Microprocessors are being used on a daily basis, such as in Hospitals, Factory's, and Organizations.

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Analysis of Atlas Shrugged

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Critique of Atlas Shrugged

The novel, Atlas Shrugged, by Ayn Rand, is a book about the importance of the mind to man's existence. It is the story of what may happen if man ceases to employ reason in his life. Set in the United States, in an unknown future, the heroine is Dagny Taggart, vice-president of Taggart Transcontinental railroad. Power-hungry bureaucrats implement socialist legislation, causing the country to fall into a depression. Throughout the story, Dagny fights to keep the "looters" from destroying her railroad. She struggles to find "the destroyer," the one who is convincing the "men of mind" to disappear. In the end, after he and the other strikers have won, she realizes that the destroyer is truly the embodiment of what she thinks an ideal person should be. Dagny demonstrates the motif that gender does not limit human greatness. She is an example of a domineering woman shown in a positive leadership role.

Dagny leads Taggart Transcontinental from behind the scenes. She is vice-president, and her brother, James Taggart, is president. Dagny exhibits many traits characteristic of a good leader, and without Dagny's leadership, the railroad would collapse. Unlike Dagny, James Taggart has no leadership skills. James wants to buy rail from Orren Boyle because he is James' friend; whereas (1) Dagny wants to buy rail from Hank Rearden because he is reliable. She does not want to sacrifice herself and her business merely for the sake of her brother's friend. James won't listen to Dagny, however, and orders the rail from Orren Boyle's company, Associated Steel. Orren Boyle fails to deliver the rail on time, so Dagny ignores her brother's instructions, and () orders rail made of a new, better metal, called Rearden Metal, from Hank Rearden.

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When deciding what sections of railroad to repair, and where to lay new rail, Dagny decides to repair and expand the Rio Norte Line in Colorado, in order to transport the products of a local industrial boom. James wants her to lay new rail on the San Sebastian Line in Mexico, not based on reason, but because he thinks that the people of Mexico need it. () She rejects his ideas, and does what is best for Taggart Transcontinental.

James meets with three other men in a bar, discussing the future of business in the country. Here, James learns that Dagny has moved north of the Mexican border every piece of equipment that she can find, leaving only one decrepit, old train that is useless for moving any freight. (4) She does this to save Taggart Transcontinental from losing money if the People's State of Mexico nationalizes the rail. James is furious about this and tells her, "Just wait until the board meeting next month... you're going to have to answer for this." Dagny responds by saying, (5) "I'll answer for it." This illustrates the degree to which Dagny is more confident than James as a leader. James is a man, yet he has no confidence in his ability to lead other men. Conversely, Dagny is a woman, yet she has great confidence in her ability to lead other men.

The National Alliance of Railroads passes the Anti-dog-eat-dog Rule, forcing the Phoenix-Durango railroad to shut down. The closing of the Phoenix-Durango eliminates the only competition to Taggart Transcontinental in Colorado. The loss of the Phoenix-Durango railroad upsets Ellis Wyatt,owner of Wyatt Oil, and he arranges a meeting with Dagny. He tells her that he will not accept poor service merely because Taggart Transcontinental has no competition, and Dagny tells him, (6) "You will get the transportation you need, Mr. Wyatt." Dagny is confident that she can lead her company more effectively than her brother, and meet Wyatt's demands.

Having promised Ellis Wyatt transportation, Dagny needs to receive the Rearden Metal rail, originally scheduled for delivery in twelve months, in nine months. She meets with Hank Rearden to discuss this. During their meeting, they discuss the Anti-dog-eat-dog Rule. Rearden says to Dagny, (7) "When I heard about that Anti-dog-eat-dog business, it made me sick. But don't worry... You and I will always be there to save the country from the consequences of their actions." This conversation introduces us to the male equivalent of Dagny Taggart, Hank Rearden. It illustrates that although Dagny is a woman, she can still be as great a man as Hank Rearden.

(8) Dagny goes to the Rio Norte Line to lead construction herself, because the foreman is incompetent. When the foreman fails, and then appeals to Dagny that he did his best, she tells him, () "I've hired you to do a job, not to do your best." This supports the motif that gender does not limit human greatness, showing that Dagny is more capable than the foreman, despite his being a man.

James Taggart does not trust his own judgment; rather, he makes decisions based solely on public opinion and political pressure. He refuses to use rail made of Rearden Metal Because of public opinion that the metal is unsafe. (10) Dagny responds by saying that she will leave Taggart Transcontinental, form her own company, and build a new railroad line, called the John Galt Line, by herself; then she will sell it to Taggart Transcontinental. By doing this, Dagny takes full responsibility for her own judgement, and James does not have to take any risks. Despite all of the public opposition, Dagny completes construction of the John Galt Line. (11) She asks for volunteers to run the first train, and, as a testament to her ability, every engineer volunteers.

When James Taggart is describing his sister's effectiveness concerning the building of the John Galt Line, he tells the Board of Directors, (1) "Oh yes, you may feel full confidence. My dear sister does not happen to be a human being, but just an internal combustion engine, so one must not wonder at her success." When a delegate from the Union of Locomotive Engineers tells Dagny that they won't allow her to run a train on rail made of Rearden Metal, she tells him to (1) "Get out of here." Dagny will not allow another person to dictate either her thoughts or her actions under the mask of her consent.

Due to the number of volunteers, Dagny will draw a slip of paper with an engineer's name on it from a pile of paper containing every volunteer's name, to determine who will drive the train. When she draws the name, she tells Eddie Willers to (14) "Tell him that I'm going to ride with him in the cab of the engine on that run." An old engineer responds, (15) "I thought you would, Miss Taggart." Dagny's employees feel a high level of admiration for her, and place a high degree of trust in her ability as a leader.

While giving a press conference before the first run on the John Galt Line, Dagny is unapologetic about her success, and asks a reporter if he would please quote her as saying, (16) "Miss Taggart says -- quote -- I expect to make a pile of money on the John Galt Line. I will have earned it. Close quote." During a photo shoot after the press conference, a reporter asks one of the brakemen, "Do you think you'll get there?" To which the brakeman responds, "I think we'll get there, and so do you brother." (17) This is an example of the train crew's confidence in Dagny's judgment. When Dagny is asked, "What's going to support a seven-thousand ton train on a three thousand ton bridge?" She replies, (18) "My judgment." Dagny has absolute confidence in her judgment, so much that she is willing to stake her life on it.

Dagny begins looking for the inventor of a new kind of motor. Her search takes her to Wyoming, where she has a conversation with a short-order cook in a diner, and is shocked to learn that the cook is Dr. Hugh Akston, a retired world-renowned professor of philosophy. During their conversation, Dagny asks Dr. Akston to work as head chef on one of her dining cars, and he refuses. In an effort to persuade him to work for her, Dagny says, (1)"I'm so sick of them, I'm so hungry for any sight of anyone who's able to do whatever it is he's doing!" When Dagny returns from Wyoming, she is upset that bureaucrats have passed the Preservation of Livelihood act. (0) Dagny refuses to submit to this new law, or any of the profligate deals that the looters try to make with her, and she fights to continue leading her company. Dagny proclaims to the statue of Nat Taggart, (1) "I won't surrender it to the men of blood and rust -- and I'm the only one left to guard it." Dagny is willing to lead the entire world through the depression.

Upon realizing that she will never find the inventor of the motor, Dagny seeks a scientist who can rebuild it, but none of the applicants is acceptable, and () Dagny orders them all out of her office.

Dagny attends her brother's wedding. At the wedding, James Taggart's new wife, Cheryl Taggart, approaches Dagny and tells her, "I'll put you in your place. I'm Mrs. Taggart. I'm the woman in the family now." Dagny responds by saying, () "That's fine, I'm the man." This is another incidence of the motif that gender does not limit human greatness, by showing that a woman can have the traditionally male role of greatness.

When a railroad worker questions Eddie Willers in the terminal cafeteria about the ability of Dagny Taggart, Willers responds by saying, (4) "Oh yes, you bet she's a smart woman!" Eddie is devoted to Dagny, and admires her great productive ability. When Dagny attends a Taggart Transcontinental board meeting, (5) the other members of the board have so much confidence in her ability that they assume that she can do the impossible, and when she tells them that she cannot, a board member says, (6) "We know that you have the ability to find some way to do it." Dagny also exhibits confidence in her ability, and when Dagny speaks with a childhood friend, Francisco d'Anconia, and he tells her that she will have to endure much injustice alone if she fights the strikers, she says, (7) "I'm glad I'll have to do it myself." Dagny is confident that she can lead the entire world out of a depression completely by herself.

When Dagny resigns and retreats to her cabin in the Berkshires, James Taggart appoints a new operating vice-president at Taggart Transcontinental, Clifton Locey. He is completely unlike Dagny, although he claims that he is equally good at operating the railroad. When an emergency occurs, however, he quietly calls Eddie Willers into his office, and (8) "Asks [him] -- casually... what Miss Taggart used to do in such an emergency." When Clifton Locey fails to secure a train for a politician's speaking tour, James Taggart tells him, () "At least when my sister ran the place, I wasn't awakened in the middle of the night over every spike that broke in Iowa...!" This accentuates that fact that Dagny Taggart is a greater leader than Clifton Locey, even though he is a man, which is an example of the motif that gender does not limit human greatness.

While living in Nat Taggart's cabin, (0) Dagny is still productive, despite being far from civilization. She (1) "cooked her meals on a wood-burning stove and gathered the wood on the hillsides. She cleared the brush from under her walls, she reshingled the roof, she repainted the door and the frames of the windows. Rains, weeds and brush had swallowed the steps of what had once been a terraced path rising up the hill from the road to the cabin. she rebuilt it, clearing the terraces, relaying the stones, bracing the banks of soft earth with walls of boulders," () "It gave her pleasure to devise complex systems of levers and pulleys out of old scraps of iron and rope, then to move weights of rock that were much beyond her physical power... she understood that what she needed was the motion to a purpose." While Dagny stays in her cabin, the looters quickly cripple the railroad without her leadership. When James Taggart speaks with Hank Rearden, he says, "It's her duty to come back! It's her duty to work!... () We need her!" Dagny's leadership is indispensable to the success of Taggart Transcontinental.

(4) Dagny tries to stop a man from quitting and joining the destroyer, Dagny's plane crashes in the mountains, and she accidentally finds the valley where the destroyer lives. He blindfolds her so that she will not be able to find the valley again, and flys her out of the valley. When Dagny returns from the valley, she finds that the condition of the country has worsened considerably since she has been away. She sums up her feelings about this when she says that (5) "she kept wanting to approach strangers, to shake them, to laugh in their faces and to cry, 'snap out of it!" Dagny has returned, and the looters once again exhibit over-confidence in her ability, continuing to ask her to do the impossible. She tells them again that she can't do the impossible, but they don't understand that even her exceptional ability can't save them, and her brother tells her that she must do something, telling her (6) "It's your special talent. you're the doer." Dagny insists that her brother be realistic, and understand that some things cannot be done, to which he responds, (7) "You're the realist, you're the doer, the mover, the producer, the Net Taggart, you're the person who's able to achieve any goal she chooses! You could save us now, you could find a way to make things work -- if you wanted to!"

John Galt is the man who invented the motor, the destroyer, and the ideal man. He seizes radio and television stations to give a speech to the American people. After he is finished with his speech, Dagny asks Eddie Willers what would happen if she quit. He tells her that (8) "There would be no Taggart trains within a week. Maybe less," so important is Dagny to the success of Taggart Transcontinental.

When Mr. Thompson is asks Dagny for advice about how to save the economy, she is honest and tells him that it cannot be done. He tells her, () "I trust you, Miss Taggart. You've got more brains than all my boys, you've done more for the country than any of them." (40) "You know, Miss Taggart, I feel better whenever I talk to you. It's because I trust you. I don't trust anybody around me. But you -- you're different. You're solid."

Atlas Shrugged is a flawless novel. Dagny Taggart is a powerful heroine who exhibits the best qualities that humanity has to offer. She is a consummate example of someone possessed of a rational self-interest. James Taggart exemplifies the worst that humanity has to offer, the perfect villain. He is a nihilist who believes in collectivism and altruism. History places him with infamous villains like Adolf Hitler, Stalin, and Mao. He does not want to succeed, he only wants to see successful people punished for succeeding where he could not. He uses the doctrines of altruism and collectivism as means to enslave the productive people he hates. In the end, he inevitably realizes his own depravity and loses his mind. Rand uses the contemporary characteristic of a domineering woman in a positive leadership role to allow her heroine to defeat the looters of society. Throughout the looters' reign of terror, Dagny surpasses even John Galt in her leadership, because she is the only productive mind that did not surrender to villains like James Taggart. Atlas Shrugged is the second most influential book in the United States, after the Bible, and anyone who reads the novel can never forget the example set by Dagny Taggart, and it is difficult not to strive to achieve as she has.

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Hello

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Every one like art. JSKA JA cjsn cnkan sd cnsan mslanmclkaslckjnsacljns lnsa kcjnsak dknmcsaciksna ncksanm cjs cja cxj ck sd skd hello, u like art dont yuo? sknd sadmn dsak dsakmn samnd sdakn sdakn dsan adn mad;m adm adkm adnjl mdsajnl njdsaj sadk dsaknm sdakn lsdakljnsadsamd sadkdasdn msadsm dsadjksadsadjn sadsd. Walking across the Atlantic

I wait for the holiday crowd to clear the beach

before stepping onto the first wave.

Soon I am walking across the Atlantic

thinking about Spain,

checking for whales, waterspouts.

I feel the water holding up my shifting weight.

Tonight I will sleep on its rocking surface.

But for now I try to imagine what

this must look like to the fish below,

the bottoms of my feet appearing, disappearing.

--Billy Collins

Introduction to Poetry

I ask them to take a poem

and hold it up to the light

like a color slide

or press an ear against its hive.

I say drop a mouse into a poem

and watch him probe his way out,

or walk inside the poems room

and feel the walls for a light switch.

I want them to waterski

across the surface of a poem

waving at the authors name on the shore.

But all they want to do

is tie the poem to a chair with rope

and torture a confession out of it.

They begin beating it with a hose

to find out what it really means.

ABOUT BILLY COLLINS

Collins is the author of six books of poetry including, Picnic, Lightning (17), The Art of Drowning (15), The Apple That Astonished Paris (188), and Questions About Angels (11), which was selected by Edward Hirsch for the National Poetry Series. He also has recorded a spoken word CD, The Best Cigarette (17).

Edward Hirsch praised The Art of Drowning Billy Collins is an American original, a metaphysical poet with a funny bone and a sly questioning intelligence. He is an ironist of the void and his poems--witty, playful, and beautifully turned--bump up against the deepest human mysteries.

Collins poetry has appeared in anthologies, textbooks, and a variety of periodicals including Poetry, The American Poetry Review, The American Scholar, Harpers, The Paris Review and The New Yorker. One of his poems was selected for The Best American Poetry 1 and another was included in The Best American Poetry 1. Recently the New York Times featured him in a front page article.

He has received fellowships from the New York Foundation for the Arts, The National Endowment for the Arts and the Guggenheim Foundation. He has also won the Bess Hokin Prize, the Frederick Bock Prize, the Oscar Blumenthal Prize, and the Levinson Prize --all awarded by Poetry magazine. In 1 he was chosen by the New York Public Library to serve as Literary Lion. For several years he has conducted summer poetry workshops at University College Galway. He is poet-in-residence at Burren College of Art in Ireland and professor of English at Lehman College (CUNY).

Poems by Billy Collins - Indexed by title

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Another Reason I dont Keep a Gun in the House Here at Big Snap; also in audio. Also available here at NPR.

The Art of Drowning Here at Big Snap; also in audio.

Ave Atque Vale On the Magma site.

Child Development Here at Big Snap; also in audio. Also available here, on the Soliloquy site.

Consolation Here at Big Snap.

The Dead On the Soliloquy site.

Dear Reader On the Poetry Daily site.

The First Dream Here at Big Snap; also in audio.

Fishing on the Susquehanna in July Here at Big Snap.

Flames Here at Big Snap; also in audio.

Forgetfulness Here at Big Snap.

The Guest On the Soliloquy site; from the very rare, out of print, Video Poems.

Hangover Procedure #1 Emptying The Jacket Pockets On the Soliloquy site; from the very rare, out of print, Video Poems.

The History Teacher On the Soliloquy site.

I Ask You On the Cortland Review site; audio also available.

I Chop Some Parsley While Listening to Art Blakeys Version of Three Blind Mice Here at Big Snap.

I go back to the house for a book On the Poetry Daily site. Also available here at the Soliloquy site.

Introduction to Poetry On the Poetry Daily site. (Dont miss the excerpt on their home page.) Also available at other sites One at the Soliloquy site; Another at the Poems on Poems index.

Invention On the Atlantic Monthly site; audio also available.

Japan Here at Big Snap. Also available here on the Soliloquy site

Jazz and Nature On the Doubletake site.

Lines Lost Among Trees On the Soliloquy site.

Man Listening to Disc On the Atlantic Monthly site; audio also available.

Marginalia On the Soliloquy site.

Neither Snow On the Cortland Review site; audio also available.

Nostalgia Here at Big Snap.

On Turning Ten Here at Big Snap. Also available here on the Soliloquy site.

Nightclub Here at Big Snap.

Paris On the Poetry Daily site.

Pin-up Here at Big Snap; also in audio.

Putting Down the Cat On the Soliloquy site.

Questions about Angels On the Soliloquy site.

Sonnet On the Poetry Daily site.

Shoveling Snow With Buddha On Kapakahis Poetry Favorites site.

Reading an Anthology of Chinese Poems of the Sung Dynasty, I Pause To Admire the Length and Clarity of Their Titles On the Poetry Magazine site.

Study in Orange and White On the Poetry Magazine site.

Thesaurus On the Soliloquy site.

Three Wishes On the Poetry Daily site.

Walking across the Atlantic Here at Big Snap; also in audio.

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