Research methods

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INTRODUCTION

My level three dissertation is going to be a research in the car industry.

More specifically, the research is aiming in the manufacturing functions of some car companies. Automobile companies today are using a mass-production technology, to produce a large number of cars every day.

Employees that are working in the assembly line of a car are repeating the same tasks every time. This of course, can be boring and non-motivating for the employees and the low-level managers. The investigation will be based in the working motivation in the car-manufacturing employees. It is going to be a search about "in what extent the companies provide the most important motivational factors for employees in the particular industry, to achieve better performance in their job". The study is going to provide a good understanding for the reader about the aspects of motivation today in the industry and HRM aspects, as well as employee behaviors in the organization.

LITERATURE REVIEW/ THEORITICAL UNDERPINNING

The reading will be around the theories of motivation.

"Motivation generally, concerns what drives a person's choice of what to do, how hard to try, and how long to keep trying. It is a major factor to influence working performance."

To specify, the research, I am going to use Herzberg's -factor theory about motivational factors around the car manufacturing sections.

Frederick Herzberk theory has factors Hygiene theory and motivation

The first part of the motivation theory involves the hygiene theory and includes the job environment

•The company

•Its policies and its administrations.

•The kind of supervision which people receive while on the job

•Working conditions

•Interpersonal relations

•Salary, Status and Security

The second part of Herzberg's motivation theory involves what people actually do on the job

•Achievement

•Recognition

•Growth

•Interest in the job.

This theory is going to link the literature and the investigation in the car manufacturing research. To specify that, Herzbergs factor theory is going to be applied in the manufacturing function of car companies, so it will be tested in practical, and predict the behaviors. This is a theory about working motivation and it is an opportunity to see which are the most suitable motivational factors for the particular industry or at least, search the most favorable aspects. So this means that research is going to have a deductive approach, because using data tests the theoretical framework.

Furthermore, the motivation concept constituted from many authors views (theories), that accomplish each other or they can differ in an opposite way. So, except Herzbergs theory, which is the basic literature framework of the research, other theories of the subject related with the basic theory, should be used in the research.

The theories of motivation are separated in parts

Content theories theories that tell us about needs that might trigger motivation, but not about the process of motivation. Useful content theories for the research are, Maslow's hierarchies of needs theory, Maslow's theory , McClelland's need theory, McGegors theory and Hrzberg's theory are important.

On the other hand, the Process theories deal with the variables that explain the direction and the intensity of behavior. That kind of motivation theories is, Vroom's expectancy theory, Porter and Lawler's expectancy models, also Equty theory (Adams 165), Attribution theory and any implications that have been written about all the above theories should be considered.

But except motivation theories, HRM views should be studied such as Storey J., Mullins, Beardwell and Hollden, and also any useful aspect about job satisfaction, job redesign models, job enrichment, stress, management style, culture and groups.

All of the above theories are extensively researched to settle in their final point. This means that it will be not difficult to find related researches with the subject or any other secondary data to answer the research questions and meet the objectives as a re-analyzing the data that have been already collected.

In the search of secondary-data Internet searches will be useful for survey results like organization surveys, academic surveys organization employee attitudes, email questions etc.

Also multiple-source data that have been published like journals from business magazines, books, government publications, organization reports and everything that it is available in Luton's libraries.

Lastly, an important note is that the results from my survey, also the results from other surveys for example, as well as the relations of them with the literature review, should meet my research topic generally and settle in a clear answer for my research questions and objectives.

KEY FACTORS OR VARIABLES

At this part, the areas that the data are going to be collect according to literarature review, are data that should predict quotes the most important motivational factors for the employees in a company of the car industry, also data that they help the researcher to get familiar with the particular companies, policies, rules and procedures, also the employees view about this and general data that are going to predict their satisfaction with the working environment(hygince theory). On the other hand data that can predict the employees intrinsic feelings about their job (motivators).

Furthermore, areas like financial incentive like PRP (performance related pay), incentive rewards, job descriptions, style of management are really important factors and are going to be analyze. An important point here is that a performance measurement for manufacturing

E.g 00 cars every day, should be consider to predict the companies effectiveness to motivate their employees.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES RESEARCH QUESTION OR HYPOTHESIS.

As I said above my level-three dissertation will be a survey method in car manufacturing e.gvauxll, Rover, Nissan. The survey is a piece of research from some car companies as a sample that represents the hall industry.

The basic issue about this survey is motivation and more specifically the factors that affect the employee's effort on his/her job. From this point rises the research question "in what extent automobile companies provide motivational factors in their manufacturing sector, to achieve high performance for their employees?"

This study, is aiming to predict the degree (data analysis) that companies in the particular sector try to meet their company objectives with the employees needs extrinsic and intrinsic, to result in high performance.

So first of all a studying around motivation, job design, management will orient me to shape the data collection that should include views, attitudes and expectations that address as clearly as possible the research question. This doesn't mean that the data analysis is going to simplify only in the questions, but also comments, comparisons and suggestions with the help of literature review and the secondary data, should be use for a rich answer.

METHODOLOGY

First of all the use of both quantities and qualities data are appropriate for the survey. So the use of multi-method approach, by linking questionnaires and in-depth interviews to discover, explore and understand the facts in the industry.

Questionnaires

The type of questionnaires that I am going to use will be interviewer administrated and specifically structured interview, because I should come in contact with the workers to collect data about their opinions as an indication of the companies effectiveness to provide the motivational factors that they need to work. This means that I should design a questionnaire with the help of literature review of course, that is going to answer the majority's opinions about their working environment and also their intrinsic motivators. So I am going to photocopy the questionnaire and deal it to the chosen sample of workers.

This structure interview is more appropriate for the research because the questionnaire should be quite long and have a high response rate to predict a more convinced result. Questionnaires therefore, for descriptive researches, so I will able to identify the variability in different phenomena and their explanations. About the designement of the individual questions ranking questions seem to be the most suitable because answers come in a rank order so the most important factors sift. . Lastly specific and closed questions should be used to obtain specific information or opinion.

In-depth interviews

Moreover, in-depth interviews are important for the collection of qualitive data. That kind of questions will applied in a structured way as well, but with the expectations of qualities answers e.g. company policies in the particular subject, style of management etc. So the respondents should be supervisors, managers and general employees responsible for the workers. It might be possible to extent the respondents in a more upper-level because of the companies ethical issues.

The interviews should be qualitative like face-to-face interviews; if this is not possible I have to cut down in to telephone interviews or emails.

The kind of questions should be open questions that allow participants to define and describe a situation or event. Probing questions are appropriate because can be used to explore that are of significance to the research topic. Lastly specific and closed questions should be used to obtain specific information or opinion and here as well. These techniques seem to be appropriate because here I need a more describing view most for the management environment and compare it with the workers view to meet my research objectives.

For the implementation of this survey companies from the car industry are going to represent the sector. From these companies a selected population of 100 workers of the manufacturing from each company is appropriate to gather data for their favorable motivational factors and their views. Also a sample for each company that includes managers and other descriptive views about the company and its policies to motivate their employees. With that way a -factor hypothesis for both companies is created and as long as the prediction of the one factor (workers) step with the company that means that the company responds positive to the research question. The result and comparison for both companies represents in a way the research question for the hall sector.

The data analysis will be gathered from hopefully 10-0 overall population of both companies, so I definitely need a data analysis software such as "Snap" or SphinxSurvey" to handle them. I am going to present the quantitive data in bar charts or histograms for example and compare them and analyze them with the help of literature and secondary data. The qualitive data should be presented in an analyzing way rather than representing and analyzing through literature and secondary data and results as well.

TIME PLAN

•October thinking and settle down the idea

•November literature reading

•December defined objectives and research question.

•January starting data gathering

•February continue the above and starting analysis.

•March writing up analysis and formatting bibliography

•May Draft revised and submission.

BUDGET

The expenses for the particular project will depend in the area that the car companies are allocated. So money for traveling is required. Also money for any secondary data e.g Internet surveys, other reports etc. are going to be the most notably expenses.

References

•Research methods for business students second edition

Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis, Adrian Thornhill

•Research methods and Organization studies

Bryman. A

•Work Psychology nd edition understanding behavior in work place J. Arnold, G.I Cooper, Ivan Robertson

•Psychology at Work Lilly .M Berry nd edition

•Management and Organisational Behavior 5th edition.

Laurie J Mallins.

INTERNET

•www.member.nifty.HRM motivation

•www.geocitites.com

•www.accell.com

•www.ACME.employeesurvey.com

•www.the management school.com

BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS ORG 5-

ACADEMIC YEAR 0001-00

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