Norming in great

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For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When the Rainbow is Enuf

Ntozake Shange's most well-known play, For Colored Girls, was first performed in New York in a jazz loft and later in small bars. It opened at the Studio Riobea in July of 175. The following year it opened at not only the New Federal Theatre and the New York Shakespeares Company Anspacher Public Theatre, but also the Booth Theatre on Broadway.

Seven characters, each representing life in a different city, are presented on a bare stage.It is a choreopoem of twenty short poems connected by issues of race and gender, with dance and music integrated into.

It is a discussion on social problems in the African American culture. The play includes black women who have been physically and emotionally hurt-abused, raped, seduced, lied to, and looked down upon-yet they are surviving after. The choreopoem depicts black men and encourages women to develop self-worth and respect, and to enjoy sisterhood.

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Some scenes in the play include a woman remembering a terrible incident of child abuse, another woman dealing with abortion, and a young girl obsessed with a rebellious hero. It shows struggle and success in a straight forward style which make the audience feel the emotion on stage.

The women in this show are the rainbows after a heavy rain or storm. The have all survived the storm, and although there may be more storms along the way they stand up after each one and represent beauty and strength which gives other women and young women motivation and support.

Shange says she "writes for young girls of color, for girls who don't even exist yet, so that there is something there for them when they arrive. I concentrate on giving this to young people because they are the treasures of black culture."

For Colored Girls has received awards such as

Obie Award

Outer Critics Circle Award

Audelco Award

Mademoiselle Award

It has been nominated for

Tony Award

Emmy Award

Grammy Award

For Colored Girls is still performed today.

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Island of the Blue Dolphins

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THE ISLAND of the

BLUE DOLPHINS

The author of this book is a great writer that has written many books, and this mans' name is Scott O'Dell. Scott was born in Los Angles and currently lives in Stoneapple Farm, Julian, an 1870 gold mining town in the mountains of San Diego with his wife. One of his books is called the 'Country of the Sun' on the history of Southern California. He has written many other books that are very famous in America and around the world.

This book was about a truely courageous girl named Karana who spends 18 years on the Island of the Blue Dolphin alone. The Aleuts who were Russians killed half of her Tribe {named Ghalasat}. The Aleuts came to kill otter promising that they will split the catch 5050. After the Aleuts were finished they broke there promise and the two sides got in a fight that killed most of the men of Ghalasaat. The next summer another ship came however it wasn't the Aleuts ship but some people who were going to take them away from the Island to another place. The tribe took nothing with them on the journey. When everybody got on the ship Karana realized that her brother was missing. He asked everyone the ship but they had no clew. When Karana looked toward the Island he saw his bother standing on the cliff looking back at them. Karana couldn't bare leaving her brother alone on the island so she jumped of the boat and headed in the direction of the island. The ship had to leave with out them because a storm was coming. It wasn't long when one day Karana woke up and recognized that her brother wasn't there. She waited until the afternoon, and than finally set out to find him. After a few minutes she found his corpse chewed up by wild dogs. She lost her only companion. Than you read on how she finds food for herself and how she decides to kill the wild dogs but instead made one her pet. After she spent a few years on the Island the Aleuts came back to kill more otters. She didn't want the Aleuts to discover her so she decides to hide in a cave. Than one day an Aleut girl came by and discovered the cave and Karana but did not let the rest of the Aleuts know. Soon they became best of friends, and Karana was really happy because it had been such a long time since she had talked to someone. When the Aleuts left she was heart broken because her friend had to leave to. She spent a few more years on the Island and in those years her pet dog died so she got a new one, and she got pet birds. In the 18th year the people who took away her tribe came back to take her away to.

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The good thing about this book is that it's a true story and also how Scott explains everything so thoroughly that it makes you imagine the object he's talking about. For example when he says 'the head rose out of the twisting arms like a giant stalk. The gold eyes with there black rims were fixed on me' this is when he was talking about the giant Devilfish.

The thing I didn't like about the book is how he kept on skipping like a year or two, to try, like when he says 'another summer had gone and I still hadn't speared the giant devilfish' now here we don't know what she did instead of not spearing the devilfish. But I think he did this to make the story shorter for the readers. Either then that everything was great.

My over all rating for this book is /10. I gave it such a high mark, because I really liked the book and the best part about is like I said it's a true story about a girl alone on Island for 18 years, and also how a Karana a girl survived on the Is land with all those wild dogs and other dangerous stuff.

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Cats the musical

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Andrew Lloyd Webber was born on March , 148 to William and Jean Lloyd Webber. The musical Cats paired Andrew with the deceased poet T.S. Eliot and producer, Cameron Mackintosh. It was an incredible hit and beat A Chorus Line for longest running musical and highest grossing musical. Cats made Andrew rich and famous. It all began when Lloyd Webber showcased a song cycle he had written based on Eliot's book of poems at his country house, Sydmonton. T. S. Eliots widow Valerie came to see the performance in 180, liked the songs, and gave Andrew a cache of relevant unfinished fragments, unpublished poems and letters, including one in which Eliot pondered the possibility of ending the OLD POSSUMS collection with a poem about dance. The idea of a musical was born. Lloyd Webber had broached the subject to Hal Prince, an American musical theater director. He knew he needed some magical concept, or brilliant trick, to transform the song cycle into a show. Prince was skeptical at first, then Trevor Nunn stepped in. Nunn envisaged a delightful small show, Cameron and Andrew said absolutely not. They were thinking full-scale musical, full orchestra, and lots of dance. Nunn still demurred, saying that there had to be an idea for a story line. He then read a poem Eliot had not included in OLD POSSUMS, the key to it all was a lost fragment of Eliots work, Grizabella the Glamour Cat. The poet had deemed them too upsetting for children to read and pulled them from the published text. When the show moved to the drastically altered and heavily gutted Winter Garden theater in New York, in October 18, it opened to a new Broadway ticket top-price of $45 and an all-time record advance of ten million dollars. (www.pbs.org)

I think the theme of Cats is diversity, the celebration of differences. The cats emerge one by one singing of their unique abilities and special traits. First we see Jennyanydots who sleeps and lounges around all day long. But at night, she becomes a super-active nanny. She instructs the mice in music and crochet work, and keeps the cockroaches busy. The second cat we are introduced to is The Rum Tum Tugger, a playful prankster that the female cats find extremely attractive. Tugger explains how fussy he can be, he wants what he doesn't have, and doesn't want what's offered to him. The one thing that he always enjoys is being the center of attention. Next comes the outcast figure Grizabella, The Glamour Cat. Although she is a Jellicle Cat, the rest of the tribe shuns her. She had left the tribe years ago to explore the outside world. The outside world has been hard on her, however, and she who was once a beautiful and glamorous feline is now tattered and torn, none of the other cats will touch her. The hefty Bustopher Jones comes next. A large twenty-five pounder, always clad in his signature white spats, Bustopher spends his time eating, eating and eating in one of the many English pubs and clubs that he frequents. Macavity is introduced by a thunderous crash, followed by the sound of police sirens and flashing red lights. Mungojerrie and Rumpleteazer, are a fun loving, frolicking team of pranksters, always getting in trouble with the family with whom they live. Gus the Theatre Cat appears next. Hes an aged stage actor suffering from palsy, who worked with the greatest actors of his day. Gus tells of his greatest theatrical triumphs, and yearns to do it again. We are pulled back to the present as Skimbleshanks The Railway Cat introduces himself. A friendly uncle to all of the cats, Skimbleshanks attends the trains he rides, and makes sure every detail is perfect. Each of the cats has their own unique personality, much like humans. Each of them wants to be "reborn" and start a brand new Jellicle life.

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Summer

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Dave Smith

Per. 7

1-15-

Summer Essay

In Sweet Summer, Bebe Moore Campbell tells her own life story. A lot of it is about fitting into the "white" world and finding out who she really is. Bebe and her family members felt that African Americans always felt as if they had to compete with whites, and either be as good or better than them. African Americans thought that speaking proper English and being educated was going to make them seem white. African Americans thought that "good hair" was white people's hair, and they always tried to make their hair look straight, because then they would have "good hair" and look more white. In the book Sweet Summer, the attempt by African Americans to fit into the "white world" is important because people were putting down their own race for being educated or so called "acting white."

African Americans always felt as if they had to compete with whites, and either had to be as good as them or even better. Not only the parents put these ideas into the children's heads, but also their teachers. Mrs. Clark, Bebe's teacher, was putting many ideas in children's heads. African Americans believed that whites were always trying to compete with them, and also thought they were superior over African Americans. "Even while the remaining whites anxiously sought buyers for their houses, they made no pretense of equality. They assumed that they were our superiors." Mrs. Clark was making it seem like everything African Americans did in life had to be a competition with whites, "We have to be twice as good as white children at everything they attempted in life, that way you got half a chance of making it."p.4. Nana and Bebe's mother believed that to have the same education as a white child was the first step up the rocky road to success. Almost every person in Sweet Summer has had an issue where they felt as if they had to compete with another race, whether African Americans or whites. Nobody should feel that they have to compete with somebody, and try to be something they are not, because then nobody knows who you really are because you are too busy trying to fit up to somebody else's standards instead of being yourself.

Bebe always had her mother and aunt hovering over her, and making her speak proper English, but Bebe considered it "acting white" and felt that in order to be considered black she could not speak in a white manner. Many people felt that they needed to have power. This occurred in many situations, "Being there(Wagner's) wasn't any more fun than being at the Imperial, but it made me feel more powerful"p.64. Bebe tried to teach her father proper English, taking after her mother and aunt. "She corrects everybody. Besides, what's wrong with speaking properly?"p.68. Bebe's grandmother was always putting things into Bebe's head, whether it was good or bad. Nana had an idea that there always had to be competition with whites, "All those white folks down on that job and you get the promotion, and you tellin' me not to brag?" p.7. There was always competition with whites and blacks in how they did in school, competing against each other, and either trying to be as good or better than them. "What the white children learned, that's what her child had to learn." p.8. Bebe's mother put many ideas into her head about why speaking proper English was the right thing to do. "Speaking impeccably proper English was a strategy in the overall battle for civil rights. Bebe, we have got to be prepared." There are many different perspectives in the book about what "acting white" is. Speaking correct English should not be a put down, because no matter how you talk, that should not put a label on you. You are what you are, and being educated should not be labeled as being white. If somebody is not educated, that should not be labeled as acting black, or talking black. Labels put races down, and the people do it even to their own races.

Some African Americans felt they had to change their natural looks, to be something they are not. They thought that "good hair" was white people's hair, and tried to make their hair look straight. Bebe was trying to fit into the white world, and have "good hair." Bebe finally realized that she didn't have to fit in with anybody, and could be whoever she wanted to be, and her hairstyle proved that was true. Just because different races have different hair does not mean that one is better than the other. Respecting herself and singling herself out shows how different she is, and she can be different and not care about what people say. She also gets negative talk from her friends, "Every girl who gets her hair washed doesn't get it straightened. Bebe doesn't get her hair straightened. We have good hair."p.16-17. When Bebe's grandmother put her down, because of her changed hairstyle, Bebe felt discouraged because she just tried to prove that she could be different and kept telling herself "black is beautiful"p. to make herself feel better, and feel like she didn't have to be the everyday girl, and could be that one black child that doesn't have straight hair or talk black to make her seem white, which seems like all her grandmother wanted. I don't think that Bebe's grandmother ever saw through the hurt that she caused Bebe that day, because Bebe didn't feel like she could stand up to somebody like her grandmother. When she tried to stand up for herself, and tell her grandmother how she felt, her grandmother still denied her the right to be an individual. "You rather I go around burning my hair up trying to look like people I'm never going to look like?"p.00. Even though Bebe ended up washing out her afro, she at least had the courage to stand up to her grandmother and mother. I don't think they should have put her down, when all she was doing was showing the expressions of herself. She should have kept it the way it was if she really had a strong opinion about it. She should have stuck with her feeling, and not care about what anybody else thought about it.

African Americans thought that talking like they were educated and speaking proper English was going to make them seem "white" and felt that they were putting down their own races. African Americans always seemed to think that they had to be competing with whites, whether it was in a good way or a bad way. They felt as if they had to be at least as good as them or even better than them. They thought that "good hair" was white people's hair, and always tried to make their hair look straight, because then they would have "good hair." Bebe had a lot of women protecting her, people like her mother who felt that in order to make it in this world she would have to speak proper English. To Bebe, speaking proper English would make her seem "white." Bebe had many people telling her different things, including her mom, grandmother, and teachers. They made her think that everything that had to do with whites had to be a competition. Everybody thought that having good hair meant to have straight, "white" hair. Bebe finally realized that she didn't have to keep going along with something she didn't agree with. She took a stand and that's what her hairstyle was all about. African Americans tried hard to fit into the "white world", and weren't being who they really were. If they had shown their true side, that would have been better than trying to be something that they weren't. They realized that they didn't have to fit into anybody else's standards, and could be whoever they wanted to be, no longer worrying about what other people think, and not putting down their own race for "acting white."

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Being a Mentor

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MENTOR SELECTION

The transition from high school to college isn't always an easy one. Living away from home, the new-found freedom coupled with a whole new world of people can be anything from unnerving, to misleading. There are various obstacles that need to be overcome and important decisions and choices to make. However colleges, especially those like DePauw, are places of tremendous opportunity and learning for those who choose wisely and get a firm, focused grasp of the situation. The years spent in college are not only exciting and fruitful, but are often the pivotal years of one's life. It is in college that a person chooses the path that he or she is going to follow, and this journey starts when that person first walks onto campus as a first-year student. Thus it is essential that these very choices are made intelligently and this is where the role of the mentor comes into play.

A mentor by denotation is a 'trusted counselor or guide.' It is the mentor who, if he or she chooses to, can play a very important part in the incipient stages of college life. I personally am a great believer in the idea of a 'peer mentor' who I consider to be much more influential than adults who, in more cases than not, are looked upon with rebellion, even if the advice and guidance offered is identical to that of the peer. The mentor can motivate a student to perform to his or her potential in academics, extra-curricular activities, and to take an active interest in the college community. Thus, guidance and encouragement are the primary responsibilities of a mentor. However, there are other things whose importance cannot be underplayed. A mentor can not only be a guide but can also be a close friend and confidante. He or she can be the one to introduce a new student to all the resources and facilities that the college has to offer. A mentor can also be a way to get to know and interact with the upperclassmen whose experiences, stories and advice can be a source of otherwise unattainable knowledge. The possibilities are tremendous.

What makes me a strong candidate? As School Captain I was regarded as an elder brother who many of the younger students aspired to. Many of my peers came to me with their problems and looked to me for help and support. Also, the many instances when I was not the one giving the advice; but, receiving it from them. Another important aspect which Nathan, a present mentor who spoke at the information session, placed great emphasis on - how much a mentor can learn from his or her first-year group. In college, I am involved in various activities on campus and yet have managed to remain on track with my academics. But, all this and more is already present on the resume I have submitted earlier. Therefore, I would rather mention what, in my opinion, is the main reason that I consider myself to be a strong candidate for mentorship my desire to be one. I want to be mentor. I can speak from personal experience that I have, in the past, been greatly influenced by many of my friends. In some cases it was their fierce determination to do well academically that stirred the competitive spirit in me and drove me to achieve what I wasn't sure I could. In other cases, it was sometimes their behavior or their approach to a specific matter, and at other times just the way they carried themselves and led their own lives. Occasionally when I got too intensely involved in doing too many things, it was just the way in which they helped me break out of it and relax. But in all these cases, they had a positive influence on my life and I have memories to last me forever. I would like to be this positive influence as a mentor.

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The importance of a mentor can never be exaggerated and I know that I have it in me to be a good one.

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Why I deserve this scholarship

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I would love to experience the quality education of an Australian University, especially Monash University as it is renowned for its high standard of lecturers, facilities and graduates. Also, I want to challenge myself to achieve new things, especially meeting new people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds. I want to expose myself to more of the worlds diverse society. This would help mould me into a more sociable and open-minded person. As a student in law, there are certain qualities that need to be honed before I can be effective in upholding justice and helping people in future. Some of the qualities I hope to gain are leadership qualities, the ability to communicate well and get along with people, to speak confidently and with conviction and also to have a heart for people. I want to be an example for others, in doing excellently and in developing strength of character. I also want to learn from others, and having the experience of studying in a foreign country would allow me to learn so much from others who are different from me. I have always loved Australia and to study there would be a wonderful opportunity for me to experience this exquisite country, with its diverse society, rich culture and magnificent scenery and architecture. It boasts the modern conveniences that come with cutting-edge technology as well as a warm and friendly people. I would love to show Australians about Malaysia and its people as well! There is so much we could learn from each other. I believe in education, both within the university and out of it. Most of character building is done through socializing and building relationships with others. I have grown up in a safe community and surrounded by a loving family who have always encouraged me to be the best that I can be. Getting this scholarship would enable me to live out my dream of experiencing the great Australian family that personifies excellence, togetherness, a good life for all, and a land of the free.

Please note that this sample paper on Why I deserve this scholarship is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Why I deserve this scholarship, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research paperson Why I deserve this scholarship will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Definition of sound

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Sound

Beginning questions

What is sound?

How do we hear sounds?

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Can we hear all kinds of sounds?

Have you ever thought, how important sound is to people? What would life be without any sounds? Sound profits us in numberless of cases. It's also the fastest and easiest way to communicate.

The origin of sound

Sound gets its origin in a sound source that pulsates and creates tactful and known fast air pressure variations and sends them to the environment. We hear those pressure variations as sound. The air pressure variations are often called longitudinal wave motion. Good examples of sound sources are loudspeakers, vocal cords, musical instruments' strings and air columns etc.

Sound travels

Sound needs an intermediate agent to advance. So in a vacuum that has no materials, for example space, there're no sounds. In the earth there's air that sound can use by advancing. Air consists of chemical elements like oxygen (1%), nitrogen (78%) and some air pollutions (1%). Every material has mass because of the force of gravity. Also air has mass (1, kg per 1000 litres) and that's why it stays in the atmosphere. Air transports sounds from sound sources to our ears. If sound waves hit a firm obstruction, they don't penetrate, instead they bounce back. That event is called echo.

Sound velocity

Because sound is longitudinal wave motion, it has all the qualities of wave motion like wavelength, frequency and velocity.

Sound hasn't a known velocity. Sound velocity depends on the material that sound uses by advancing. Rule of thumb is the thinner the material the lower sound velocity. Sound velocity depends also a bit on the temperature of the material. In air (+0ºc) sound travels 40 m/s, in water 1 485 m/s and in steel 5 100 m/s.

Sound intensity

Sound intensity is usually informed as decibels. The bigger motions sound source makes the louder sound it creates. If sound intensity is too loud, hearing can be damaged. If you hear repeatedly sound that is over 80 dB or once over 10 dB, your hearing gets weaker. Also some divers that don't use needed diving suits will destroy their hearing, because the deeper in water you go the bigger is the water pressure that tries to squeeze everything that has smaller pressure inside than water's.

Low and high sounds

If a sound source pulsates for instance a hundred cycles per second, it creates low sound that contains bass, but if it pulsates thousands of cycles per second, it creates high and treble containing sound. If a sound source pulsates 500 whole cycles in one second, its frequency is 500 Hz (hertz). The lowest sound that we can hear is 16 Hz and the highest is 0 000 Hz. Sounds under 16 Hz are called infrasound and sounds between 0 000 Hz and 1 000 millions Hz (1 000 MHz) are called ultrasound. Some animals can create and observe sounds between 16 and 150 000 Hz.

A sound that includes all frequencies sounds like static and it's called white sound. White sound is created, when for instance a radio tuner is left between two stations. It's called white sound, because the light that contains every wavelength is called white light, for example sunlight (sun radiates all colours of light and we see that combination as white light).

Resonance

Resonance means that a sound source causes the sound receiver oscillate in the same frequency with it. Resonance is possible only, if the source and the receiver can pulsate in the same frequency. You can notice resonance in practise If you turn on your stereo, make the volume hard and bring a piece of normal paper close to the woofer, you can see paper pulsating in step with the bass sounds.

Resonance is very important to us. It's the way that we hear sounds. Our eardrums have adjusted to pulsate in a large frequency response (16-0 000 Hz). The strongest resonance of a human's eardrum is between 500 and 5 000 Hz. You can notice that in practise Mobile phones' ringing melodies that have high notes sound like louder than low-noted melodies, because the highest notes have over 500 Hz.

Same hertz amount, different sound

Every musical instrument can create notes that have known hertz amounts each. For instance every instrument surely has normal C-note that has always 6 Hz. So why does that note sound different in separate instruments? That's founded in the same way as we recognize each other's voices. Every sound source sounds like itself because of the weak-powered upper tones of sound waves. Every sound that we hear is a combination of the key-tone and upper tones.

Sound recording and reproduction

When an electrical sound source was invented, it was possible to put radio technology into effect. Electrical sound sources and receivers are called oscillators. The way to record sound was discovered in 1888 by the American engineer Oberlin Smith and the first recording gadget was prepared in 18 by German F.W.O Bauch. Since that time sound recorders and reproduction gadgets have begun to develop.

Sound can be recorded in analogical or in digital format. In practise those formats don't have many differences but in analogical format the quality of sound degenerates with time and digital format stays always the same. Nowadays the digital format is the most used recording format. For instance CDs, MP and Minidisks exploit the digital sound technology and C-cassettes exploit analogical.

Loudspeakers are the only way to listen to recorded sound and they are planned to repeat sounds that we can hear. Every loudspeaker that repeats strong bass and still very clear sound has more than one speaker. There're at least two speakers a treble speaker and a woofer. Some loudspeakers have also more than one woofer and some have a middle sound speaker (middle sound area is either within the woofer or in a separate speaker). Different speakers are planned to repeat different frequencies. For instance treble speakers' metallic elements repeat high frequencies, woofers' rubber bass elements repeat low frequencies and middle sound speakers' elements that are usually made of polymer cardboard repeat a bit of both frequency classes. Every polyphonic speaker has a frequency filter. The filter assorts high sounds for treble speaker and low sounds for the woofer. That filter is very important, because without it the sound wouldn't be fine and the woofer would suffer because of trying to repeat too high frequencies.

Stereos are quite common nowadays. The secret of the sound that reminds real sound is in two speakers that have own sounds both. The sounds sound the same, but they still have some differences. Recording stereo sound resumes two microphones that should be placed in separate sides of the recording object and in a stereo set the speakers should be in the same order than the microphones in the recording area. Nowadays there're also Dolby Digital™ and Dolby Digital EX™ sets that have a woofer five and or six Surround speakers (the amount depends on system) and every speaker has its own sound. Recording that kind of sound resumes five or six microphones that have to be in the very same order that the loudspeakers in the theatre. The woofer whose sound is a combination of others is near to the object, three Surround speakers are in of it, and the rest two or three are in the back corners of the object.

There you had some knowledge about sound.

Sources

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