Looking for Alibrandi-2

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Looking for Alibrandi - Study Notes Part - (Part 1 - Part )

Cultural Issues

Josies family is part of the Italian community in Sydney. Her grandmother settled in Australia with Francesco, a man that was 15 years older than she was and with whom she had been forced into a marriage with. When they did reach Australia, the way that the Australian women behaved and their attitudes to men shocked Josies grandmother.

Josie understands that her Nonnas early years were fraught with difficulty and loneliness, as she was isolated from what she had known. Josie in her discovery comes to find a parallel between certain parts of her life and that of her grandmothers. Her insecurities are essentially those of her grandmother.

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The traditions of the Italian community have refused to die in Josies family and she often questions some of the particular on-going ways. She says culture is nailed into you so deep you cant escape it. Josies journey of discovery essentially teaches her not to be ashamed of who she is, and to cherish the old ways of family. She comes to the realisations that her Nonna is too old to adopt new habits, and that she be appreciated for who she is. Josie realises that her Nonna went through a number of trying experiences that were not completely her own doing. In some sense she understands that fate and external factors have as much to do with the way that we live our lives as our own decisions do.

Josie, however in her journey of discovery fails to make a complete understanding of tolerance of others. When she overhears a girl at her school complain about wogs she breaks her nose. This act demonstrates that Josie does not understand that the Anglo girls have also inherited much tradition, good and bad, from their parents. Parents who knew an Australia that was predominantly white have influenced the Anglo girls at the school. Only since the 150s has Australian become the multicultural society that it is today. The girls who make racist statements are only learning this behaviour from their parents.

The journey of discovery teaches us that while we make our own decisions in life, we are also victims of fate. Nonna, Josie, her family and the girls at the school are all affected by external factors beyond their control. The influence of our parents, friends and our culture will shape who we are as much as what we choose to do.

Relationships

In her interaction with others, Josie meets a range of people with their varied standing in the social order of Sydney. Jacob Coote is local boy who lives in Redfern and goes to a Government high school. We are also introduced to John Barton, the school captain at a wealthy Catholic high school. He is also the son of a politician. In meeting these two individuals, Josie comes to discovery the class barriers that exist in society and the differences between these different groups. She comes to see the differences and the similarities between her life and that of the two boys.

John has great expectation placed upon him by his family and suicide seems to only way out for him. His death is an important part of Josies discovery process as she comes to realise that while she is poor, she is also free to pursue any sort of life that she wants. Johns life, however, was pre-ordained and he had to die in order to achieve his emancipation.

Josie comes to see a number of contrasts in Jacob. He is tough yet sensitive and loves him family. These contradictions are mirrored in the Italian community where a woman must wear black after her husband dies, however he is allowed to remarry. Josie would like to be in love with John and to have people look at her with envy, however it is Jacob that she is attracted to.

Her discovery helps her to realise who her true friends are. Josie does learn later in the novel that she is the most popular girl in the school after she is votes school captain. This comes as a shock as her social standing was something that she worried about.

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Hidden

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Kais Power Goo by MetaTools is a new type of product...what we call a Creative Entertainment Tool. You will immediately notice that the way in which you can interact with pictures of your kids, friends, boss, or one of the many images provided in Power Goos Image Library is extraordinary. Kais Power Goos brushes offer a whole range of special effects, previously available only on high-end imaging systems, creating a program that fosters creativity and fun. More serious-minded users will find professional uses for the programs sophisticated image manipulation capabilties.

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Abstinence Speech

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Fellow students, I'm here today to talk to you about the only 100% safe and effective sexual protection. It works against pregnancy, not to mention HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. I'm referring to abstinence, which basically means not having sex outside of marriage.

I'm not here to preach to you. I'm simply here to inform you of the facts. The fact is that if you have sex outside of marriage, you will pay consequences. They can be emotional, mental, social, physical, or even financial. Either way, you will pay in some form or fashion.

One thing you need to keep in mind is that pregnancy is not a disease. It will not kill you. However, HIV and other STDs easily can. You have a four times greater risk of getting an STD than of getting pregnant. Nearly all STDs are only treatable, not curable. Treatment for most STDs is very painful. For example, if you contract HPV (more commonly known as genital warts), they have to be burned off with a laser. HPV is also the most contagious and most common STD. 47% of sexually active teens have HPV.

Now, on to forms of contraception. There is no form of protection that even comes close to the safeness of abstinence. Let's say you or your girlfriend decides to go on the pill. Sure, it will protect you from pregnancy. But do you think it can protect you from STDs? No, it cannot. Did you know you are 10 times more likely to get an STD while on the pill than while not on the pill? Seems to be an interesting fact, especially considering 51% of teenage girls who are sexually active are on the pill. Now, on to

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perhaps the best form of protection beside abstinence, the latex condom. They are the only contraceptives that can protect you from both STDs and pregnancy. However, they are not 100% effective. They can sometimes break if not used or put on correctly. They can also be eaten through if you use an oil-based lubricant along with the condom.

A lot of teenagers believe they could handle being pregnant and raising a child. Little do they know that they'll end up spending a minimum of $80,000 on the child over a period of ten years.

Teenage parents may also say their pregnancy will not affect their education. Statistics show otherwise. A recent poll showed that 0% of teenage parents, both male and female, will not graduate high school and will not go on to attend college.

Some teenagers also believe they'll be able to handle raising a child financially. However, 80% of teens who choose to become parents live below the poverty level.

Some girls may not even worry about becoming pregnant. They know they can go get an abortion if they have to. If the father disagrees with the mother on this matter, that's just too bad. The father has no right to the mother's decision if the couple isn't married. These same rules apply to adoption as well. In my opinion, it is a much better decision to give your baby up for adoption rather than abort it and give it no chance at life. ,000,000 requests for adoptions, in this country alone, will go unanswered each year.

If a couple were to break up anytime before the child turns eighteen, there are two words that will haunt the father for the rest of his life child support. Child support can become very expensive for the father, sometimes so expensive that he is forced to work two jobs in order to pay it. If the father chooses not to pay the child support, not to worry. The social security numbers of both parents are placed on the child's birth certificate. The government will track the father down, and either force him to pay it or take the matter to court. Not to mention, the father will be coined as a "Deadbeat Dad" for the rest of his life.

Now, after what I've told you today, wouldn't you love to save yourself from the consequences of premarital sex? This can be achieved with one simple word abstinence. Think you're ready to have sex? Trust me, you're not, and I hope I've proven that to you today. Wait until marriage to have sex. Savor your teenage years while you can, parenting can come later.

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The matrix

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Discuss how the use of film codes combined with the use of narrative techniques promoted and conveyed the main idea(s)/theme(s) in the film The Matrix

The film The Matrix using extraordinary film and narrative techniques presented many themes and ideas to the audience, however the foremost of these was that human created technology, if advanced too far, could interfere with what we comprehend as real and in some ways could remove features that make us human. The reason this theme was foremost is because the rapid advancing of technology today makes advanced machinery such as AI plausible. The themes in the film were accompanied by various biblical as well as eastern cultural references. Many themes and ideas put forward to the audience were presented through the use of various film techniques such as camera and audio. The combined narrative techniques along with the film techniques used in the film accentuate the themes that the producer intended to convey to the audience. The filming techniques that were used were based on very advanced technology and therefore invoked different responses from the audience.

The film The Matrix put forward themes that were intricately linked with one another, and the proximity of the situations the scenes that conveyed the themes were to our lives today forces the audience to think deeply about what was presented on the screen. The foremost idea that was presented questioned the meaning of reality, and how technology tampers with our definition of what is real and what isn't. This idea comes very close to us today; as Morpheus questions reality "What is real? If you define real to be what can be seen or touched or heard, then real is simply electric messages interpreted by our brains," it forces the audience themselves to then answer the question, of what real is, and whether what we actually see or hear is real. With reference to the matrix, Morpheus makes it apparent that this is what the matrix is doing; sending artificial messages to our brains making our minds think, even if it is not true. Scenes similar to this one displayed the intended messages and ideas, which caused the audience to have to think intensely about what has been presented to them on the screen. The foremost theme that was presented throughout the film was the idea that was most rapidly demonstrated and could be closely related to the audience.

The narrative technique of characterization was very important in promoting the theme in The Matrix. Especially significant was the characterization of Neo, being also Mr. Anderson, before he was introduced to the matrix; he was an ordinary businessman, working for a "respectable software company". The audience is able to readily relate to this character. This encourages the theme as it reveals that anyone can be taught the truth of the matrix. However, Neo was also living a routine based life without room for change; when Neo is asked to unplug and go to the party he is ready to say no, to continue his robotic style of life, making him more machine than human. This implies that everyone who does not wish to know the truth of the matrix is bound to the matrix, almost enslaved to it. The other freedom fighters were also at one stage living a routine life, supporting the point that anyone can be taught the truth. The characterization technique in The Matrix was used to support the theme, and does so appropriately so that the audience can easily relate to the main character.

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In The Matrix, the camera was perhaps the most important and symbolic film code that was used for many reasons. Symbolically, a variety of camera shots were used to produce different messages to the audience. The lower angle camera shot was used often when an agent was on the scene, giving the impression of superiority over anybody else in the scene. When action takes place the camera used pan movements to follow the action, giving a wider view of the background, and this helped illustrate the point of the scene. Near the opening of the film, the character Trinity was running from pursuing agents over a rooftop hundreds of metres high. Panning right as she moved right, the audience can see that she is covering a very large distance, and as she reaches the edge of a roof, the camera view changes to a high camera angle looking down onto the road. This combination exemplified the setting of this scene, as well as giving the image that Trinity and the agents are superior from ordinary people, as the camera also panned slower when focusing on the policemen. From the wide range of camera shots that were used in The Matrix, the audience sees many symbolic scenes that can be interpreted to receive the ideas, which were intended to be conveyed.

Another form of camera use was visual techniques that provided stunning elements in some scenes, all of which seemed unreal and out-of-this-world. The use of these techniques promoted the question of realism in today's world, when we see unexpected occurrences in some of the scenes. The slowing and even stopping of time was used in several instances, which begged the question of whether time actually exists, however it also presented the idea that the characters within affected scenes were too fast to be seen in normal time. When the attack helicopter smashes into the glass building, this is done in slow motion, and before the actual breaking of the glass a shockwave reverberates across the building. In real life, a helicopter smashing into a wall of glass would not produce a visible shockwave and so this scene looks unreal, that this would not happen in real life. Because of this the scene also asks the audience the question of what can be taken as real or false. The use of visual techniques created with the aid of modern computer graphic technology not only looked awesome, it also interrogates the audience into what they observe as real.

Typically not used often in films, the written film code is used quite symbolically throughout the film but mostly at the beginning. Eerie green characters, not only from English but also from eastern languages, were used when displaying the matrix, in a font that looks systematic, giving the impression that the matrix is just a code language. Although this code does not seem like it would mean much, even the Warner Brother's symbol is coloured the same way, in a way expresses that everything is under the influence of the matrix.

Usually a large part of conveying the theme in films, the audio codes in The Matrix not only set the atmosphere of scenes, but they also emphasise what is happening in regard to the storyline. In this film however, music was undermined by the use of awe-inspiring visual techniques, though they were still present. The music that was used was often eerie or sounded very mechanical; as if it were computer generated. This is important as the matrix was said to be computer generated. Background sounds such as people talking on the street sets the scene and also makes it more realistic. Thunder was used whilst Morpheus was explaining to Neo the matrix, emphasizing the importance of this scene in conveying the story. Audio codes in The Matrix helped promote the storyline and set the scene but rarely supported or presented the themes to the audience.

The Matrix used some of the most advanced filming techniques seen to the date of release. These techniques supported the many themes presented throughout the film, especially the primary theme, which was that human created technology, if advanced too far, could interfere with what we comprehend as real and in some ways could remove features that make us human. Using new technology to generate awesome scenes and unreal visuals, the audience would respond to this film differently, as they would never have seen these types of scenes before. Undoubtedly, the camera use in the film was the most prominent, and these supported the theme the most, as the audience would be drawn mostly to the visuals in the movie. However, the narrative technique of characterization was very significant in conveying the theme in the audience, to do so would require the characters to be easily recognized and the audience would be able to effortlessly relate towards them. A variety of camera shots and techniques allowed the viewer to receive the messages from each scene. Overall, the linked combination between the film codes of audio, visual and camera along with the key narrative technique of characterization provided a firm, unblemished expression of the theme to the audience throughout the duration of the film.

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The Sunshine

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The sunshine in the morning is beautiful. It greets the day as we are required to as we go on our way to work day in and day out. Oh what a joy it would be to be the sun, to escape each night and not have to worry about doing your homework. Oh the sun, oh the sun.With every plan we offer designed around your need for savings and service, its no surprise that Talk America received the 00 J.D. Power and Associates Award for highest residential local telephone customer satisfaction in the North Central Region. And, Talk America ranked highest among all local telephone services in the nation ranked in the study.No hassles, no runarounds and no leaving you on hold forever - its all part of our commitment to our customers. Thats why Talk America received the 00 J.D. Power and Associates Award for highest residential local telephone customer satisfaction in the North Central Region. And, Talk America ranked highest among all local telephone services in the nation ranked in the study.Now that is sunshine.Did you hear the news? Talk America received the 00 J.D. Power and Associates Award for highest residential local telephone customer satisfaction in the North Central Region. And, Talk America ranked highest among all local telephone services in the nation ranked in the study. The more you know about Talk America, the more you appreciate our unmatched combination of savings and service. Did you hear the news? Talk America received the 00 J.D. Power and Associates Award for highest residential local telephone customer satisfaction in the North Central Region. And, Talk America ranked highest among all local telephone services in the nation ranked in the study. The more you know about Talk America, the more you appreciate our unmatched combination of savings and service. Did you hear the news? Talk America received the 00 J.D. Power and Associates Award for highest residential local telephone customer satisfaction in the North Central Region. And, Talk America ranked highest among all local telephone services in the nation ranked in the study. The more you know about Talk America, the more you appreciate our unmatched combination of savings and service.Did you hear the news? Talk America received the 00 J.D. Power and Associates Award for highest residential local telephone customer satisfaction in the North Central Region. And, Talk America ranked highest among all local telephone services in the nation ranked in the study. The more you know about Talk America, the more you appreciate our unmatched combination of savings and service. Did you hear the news? Talk America received the 00 J.D. Power and Associates Award for highest residential local telephone customer satisfaction in the North Central Region. And, Talk America ranked highest among all local telephone services in the nation ranked in the study. The more you know about Talk America, the more you appreciate our unmatched combination of savings and service. Did you hear the news? Talk America received the 00 J.D. Power and Associates Award for highest residential local telephone customer satisfaction in the North Central Region. And, Talk America ranked highest among all local telephone services in the nation ranked in the study. The more you know about Talk America, the more you appreciate our unmatched combination of savings and service. Did you hear the news? Talk America received the 00 J.D. Power and Associates Award for highest residential local telephone customer satisfaction in the North Central Region. And, Talk America ranked highest among all local telephone services in the nation ranked in the study. The more you know about Talk America, the more you appreciate our unmatched combination of savings and service. Did you hear the news? Talk America received the 00 J.D. Power and Associates Award for highest residential local telephone customer satisfaction in the North Central Region. And, Talk America ranked highest among all local telephone services in the nation ranked in the study. The more you know about Talk America, the more you appreciate our unmatched combination of savings and service. Sunshine!!!!

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Nike

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Executive Summary

Nike is the largest athletic shoe and apparel company in the world with a market share of nearly forty percent. The company incorporated in 168, and has been headed by Phillip Knight, a co-founder and CEO, since its inception. Nike owns and operates over 700 factories worldwide and its products are distributed in 140 different countries.

Through extensive research amongst the consultants here at Prime Seven, we feel that our calculations prove that Nike's current share price is overvalued. In addition to this, we have also found that Nike has faced a decline in growth in revenue and net income, a decline in market share, a series of questionable labor practices, and a slumping United States Economy. For these reasons, we feel that the NorthPoint should not invest in Nike for its Large-Cap Fund.

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Nike's Decline

Despite past years of great success, Nike has recently fallen into a slump. With the rise in competition from shoemaker Adidas and resurgence from Reebok, Nike's market share in the athletic shoe and apparel industry has dropped off dramatically in 000; down nearly ten percent. Nike also experienced an enormous drop in its revenue growth, which may signal to shareholders that it has already plateaued as a corporation. Nike peaked in 17 with a forty percent increase in revenue, but has only topped out at a five and a half percent increase ever since. The decline in revenue can directly be attributed to their decrease in net income, which has only grown at just below two percent for the first six months of 001.

On 0/6/001, after the close of the market, Nike issued a press release revising its third quarter and fiscal 000 earnings because of problems arising from the impact of implementing new demand and supply planning systems developed by i Technologies. Nike has been working on its i software implementation since June 000 as part of a $400 million IT overhaul designed to streamline communications with buyers and suppliers and lower operating costs. However, glitches with the i demand and supply planning module led Nike to overestimate demand for some shoes while underestimating demand for others.

The resulting inventory shortages will reduce Nikes fiscal third-quarter sales by as much as $100 million. Earnings estimates for the quarter have been cut to 4 to 8 cents per share from 50 to 55 cents. Analysts at Dain Rauscher Corp. lowered their estimate on Nikes 001 earnings to $.0 per share from $.5 per share following the February 001 disclosure of the software problem. Its 00 estimates were lowered to $.51 from $.70.

001 has also seen Nike's stock price plummet. As the company's earnings fall, so goes the stock price. As of July 1, Nike's share price has fallen twenty three percent since the beginning of the year. It is currently trading at $4.0 a share but has dropped as low as $5.50. When compared with the S&P 500 (down 10.7%) and the Dow Jones Industrial (down 4.7%) Nike is not coming close to beating or even matching the indices.

Ethical Considerations.

Since 15, Nike has faced heavy scrutiny from the public and the media for its work conditions of foreign laborers. Nike operates around 700 factories worldwide with the majority of its manufacturing taking place in third world or underdeveloped countries where the labor is extremely cheap by United States standards. Workers in these countries, which in some cases include children under the age of 14, work twelve to fifteen hours per day at very low wages. In Nike's Vietnam factories, laborers are only paid on average seventeen cents per hour and receive only one bathroom break per day. Phil Knight, CEO of Nike, withdrew a thirty million dollar pledge to the University of Oregon (his alma mater) in response to a protest by students against sweatshops and unfair labor practices.

Nike has also faced ethical problems with its shareholders. In March of 001, a class action suit was filed by Nike shareholders in response to Nike executives violating federal securities laws by reporting false and misleading financial statements for its third quarter. The false reports were directly tied to the supply chain problems Nike experienced with its faulty i software.

Current State of United States Economy

Another factor shareholders should consider a reason not to invest in Nike is the current state of the United States Economy. After the most virtuous period of investing in the history of the financial markets, the S&P, Dow Jones, and NASDAQ have all declined for the past three quarters. This is a definite sign of a decline in consumer spending and business investing, and may even indicate the beginning of a recession.

Nike's performance this year may also offset the portfolio of the NorthPoint Large Cap Fund. The mutual fund managers at NorthPoint only look to invest in large and established Fortune 500 companies for their large cap fund, in which Nike most certainly qualifies. However, other companies that NorthPoint has invested in for its fund which include ExxonMobil, General Motors, M, and McDonalds, have by far outperformed Nike in the financial markets in 001 and are keeping the fund afloat while the rest of the economy continues to slide.

Cost of Capital

When determining the true value of a stock, one of the most important figures we must analyze is the firm's weighted average cost of capital, or WACC. The WACC is important not only because it measures the component costs of debt and equity, but also because it is used as the discount rate in stock valuation. If the actual price of the stock is higher than the calculated price, then the stock is overvalued. If the stock price is lower, then the stock is undervalued. In theory, the calculated price and the actual market price should be equal. Otherwise, there is an imbalance in the market.

WACC is calculated as follows cost of debt, Kd, is calculated by dividing interest expense by the firm's average debt balance. In this case, the cost of debt is 4.%. Next, cost of equity, Ke, is calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model, or CAPM. This method is considered the superior method of calculating cost of equity by most textbooks, and 7% of the S&P 500 CFOs agree according to a 1 survey. After these two calculations are done, they are weighted according to their percentage of the total value of the firm. In Nike's case, equity is 7% of the total capital while debt is 7%. Finally, we simply plug these numbers into the WACC formula WACC = WdKd(1-T)WeKe. This calculation yields a WACC of 10.1%, which is essentially equal to the estimated cost of capital in Exhibit .

Exhibit is very important because it shows what Nike's stock price should be. Calculating the value of the shares has three main steps. First, all future free cash flows are calculated. Then, these cash flows are discounted using WACC as the discount rate. It is important to note that the WACC must be used as the discount rate. Otherwise this calculation will result in incorrect data. Finally, debt is subtracted from the total value of the firm, and the remainder is divided by the total number of shares. The resulting stock price is approximately $6.14. Now that we know what Nike's stock price should be, we compare it to the current price of $4.0 and discover that the stock is overvalued. This is an indication that the price is going to go down in the future, especially since the economy is showing signs of a decline and possible recession. Evidence of a decline is also demonstrated by Nike's deteriorating profitability ratios. Almost all of the ratios, shown in the attached PowerPoint slides, have declined since 17, providing further evidence that Nike is not a good investment at this time.

Conclusion

Given our extensive quantitative analysis, Nike's declining growth in both revenue and net income, the current downward trend of the economy, and the ethical scrutiny that the company is facing, we feel that it would not be wise for NorthPoint to invest in Nike. Despite Nike's reputation for success, competitors such as Adidas, Reebok, and New Balance are slowly chipping away at Nike's market share. Although Nike has historically had a high stock price, the problems they are facing such as their multi-million dollar restructuring and supply chain miscalculations has caused their stock price to decline. Also, according to our quantitative analysis, Nike's weighted average cost of capital indicates that the stock is overvalued and, with the declining economy, the share price will fall to its equilibrium price and possibly even lower.

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