E.S.P.

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E.S.P.

(Extrasensory Perception)

What is?

ESP is most commonly called the "sixth sense." It is sensory information that an individual receives which comes beyond the ordinary five senses sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. It can provide the individual with information of the present, past, and future; as it seems to originate in a second, or alternate reality.

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The term ESP has been indicated that it was in activity during Biblical times. Although there is no clear evidence as to the certainty of the phenomena it has attracted the attention and enthusiasm of many throughout the centuries. It was 1870 when a French researcher, Sir Richard Burton, who started to describe the ability of a person who had been hypnotized or were in a trance state to externally sense things without using their ordinary senses. Another researcher, several decades later, Dr. Rudolph Tischner, used ESP in describing the "externalization of sensibility." But not until an American Parapsychologist in 10 popularized the term to include psychic phenomena similar to sensory functions. His name is Joseph Banks Rhine, a pioneer in the science of parapsychology revolutionized the research into the subject. The first-card guessing ESP experiments were conducted by Rhine at Duke University in 10. The cards consisted of five designs, now called ESP symbols, a square, a circle, a plus sign, a five pointed star, and a set of three wavy lines. In the classic Rhine experiments on ESP, the subject basically tries to guess or call the order of the five symbols when they are randomly arranged in a deck of 5 ESP cards. Basically, the chances of the subject are one out of five or zero out of five.

Another factor that researchers and experimenters must watch for in ESP and all psychical experiments is preconceived or previously learned knowledge. This concerns any knowledge which might influence the subjects activity. For instance, a person might say she sensed her son would call her on the phone on a certain day at that specific time. If the son had previously called her in such a fashion, then her sensation must be suspect for it might have been based upon knowledge of her son's previous performance. A person might strongly feel that he would receive an email message from a friend on a certain day, and he does; but, can this be considered a ESP phenomenon considering that this person had not head from the other person for sometime and was expecting the message. The point being made is that when dealing with psychic phenomena all factors must be considered when examining the performance.

What causes disorder?

The claims for ESP fall down into four general categories

- Telepathy - a person's awareness of another's thoughts, without any communication through normal sensory channels.

- Clairvoyance - knowledge acquired of an object or event without the use of the senses.

- Precognition - knowledge a person may have of another person's future thoughts, or of future events.

- Psycho-kinesis - a person's ability to influence a physical object or an event, by merely thinking about it.

The evidence cited for ESP is usually anecdotal. Sometimes it is claimed, however, that scientific tests at respected research institutions have conclusively demonstrated that ESP exists; or government tests have proved it. Sometimes proponents cite specific experiments as having confirmed the existence of ESP. In fact, it is the essentially unanimous opinion of psychologists that the existence of ESP has not been shown. All procedurally valid and reproducible experiments have failed to demonstrate the existence of ESP.

What I've learned about this topic

Existence of ESP hasn't been demonstrated in either everyday life or the laboratory. Further, the claims for ESP run counter to well-established, well-tested laws of nature. To be consistent with the rules by which reality is regulated, ESP would require elaborate, highly specialized organs for sending and receiving ESP radiation - organs that are not evident. The ESP radiation should be detectable directly and capable of study by sensitive instruments. Such instruments do not exist because such radiation doesn't exist in any recognizable form. The more closely ESP has been studied in the laboratory, the smaller the effects become. ESP, if it does exist, is plainly very weak. It is becoming more difficult for its proponents to distinguish between non-existence and an effect that is so vanishingly small that it could have no practical consequences.

Why I picked this topic?

For some reason I really enjoy weird things. I love the movie "Sixth Sense" or "The Ring." They were both related to this topic so I basically just decided to do what interest me the most. This whole Essay doesn't necessarily explain what ESP does actually stand for but it tells more about what it really is.

Bibliography

www.about.com

http//www.reall.org/newsletter/v05/n0/esp-fact-sheet.html

http//www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/e/esp_extrasensory_perception.html

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