Sociological Paradigms

Thursday, October 29, 2020

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According to the text, by John Macionis entitled "Sociology" a theoretical paradigm is defined as "a basic image of society that guides thinking and research". Each of the three paradigms is a different approach to sociology. The purpose of this paper is to define and explain the three different Theoretical Paradigms of Sociology written in this chapter.


The first paradigm is the structural-functional paradigm. The text defines this paradigm as "a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability". The first paradigm deals both with social structure and social function and the goal of having a stable and orderly society. The structural-functional paradigm guides us to look at the structure and the function of the social world around us.


Social Structure refers to a normal pattern of behavior. This can include the way we respond to our family, work environment, or school setting. Unfortunately, there are some functions of social structure that are largely unrecognized and unintended. This type of structure gives us the ability to form and develop a shape to our lives. This consists of home life, our jobs and, even in our everyday life.


Social Function refers to the different functions of society. The end result is to function in a way that continues to keep society ongoing. The functional part of our social world keeps our society in existence. Our social world is what keeps our society in existence. Our society could be compared to the food chain. The food chain begins with the smaller animals eating bugs and plants. Then larger animals eat all the smaller animals. The larger animals are then be eaten by human beings. These animals work independently to survive, which allows the food chain to be successful and functional. The social world all works together just as we see it working through the food chain, both independently and collectively.


An illustration for the structural-functional paradigm would be an assembly line in a factory. This, in large, seems very complex and complicated, but, yet when it is broken down it is easier to understand. Each part of the assembly line has its own job or place in the line. Without one part being completed in the correct order the item(s) being prepared would not be completed.


The second paradigm is the social-conflict paradigm. The text defines this paradigm as "a framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change". This paradigm compares different inequalities in life, ranging from rich vs. poor, man vs. woman, white vs. black, and so forth.


Social-conflict paradigm looks at the ongoing conflict between different categories. The people who are better off financially tend to protect themselves and the things they have access to. On the other hand, those who may be a little less fortunate try to obtain more for their families.


In today society we see social-conflict everywhere. It can be seen at school, work, and at many different department stores. It is not objective and therefore has little scientific significance. It shows us the inequalities and conflicts between different societies within our community.


Furthermore, this paradigm takes into account the differing factors such as age, gender, race and how they affect the distribution of social level, money and power. An example of this would be comparing people who are slightly overweight, elderly, or a young energetic male for a job position. Which one would you want to work for you?


Is this social-conflict paradigm identifying racism and inequalities? By its name and definition, it does identify conflicts. The above conflicts are very prevalent in our society today. By recognizing conflicts and correcting inequalities maybe we can begin to look at our society like the third paradigm, symbolic-interaction.


The third and last paradigm is the symbolic-interaction paradigm. The text defines this paradigm as "a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals". The symbolic-interaction paradigm can be broken down into a wide range view and a close up view of society and the interaction of people. The wide range view is noted as "macro-level orientation". This is an outlook on society at a distance, gaining aspect of the whole picture. An illustration of this would be how well football teams play and communicate with each other in order to win a game. This requires signaling to each other, watching others closely and listening to the coach. The close up view of society is known as the close up view of society is known as "micro-level orientation". This view looks at our world "through specific situations". An example of this view would be how each individual football player responds to the coach's commands and responds to each player on the team.


Our society is extremely complex and there seems to be a meaning to everything that happens in life. These "meanings" and our behaviors change through time. They change with each individual person. All of us attempt to see things alike, but everyone has different perceptions of life. Even though we all try to shape the reality that others perceive, we all will have a different opinion and definition of life as we see it.


Overall, the structural-functional paradigm, social-conflict paradigm, and the symbolic-interaction paradigm each help explain life in this strange world. Each of these paradigms answer different questions, guide us to understanding our society, and perceiving our world in a different light.


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